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In basketball, a foul is an infraction of the rules more serious than a violation. Most fouls occur as a result of illegal personal contact with an opponent and/or unsportsmanlike behavior. Fouls can result in one or more of the following penalties: The team whose player committed the foul loses possession of the ball to the other team.
4th team foul or 2nd team foul in the last two minutes of overtime if not yet in penalty by then Two NBA and WNBA Players Only 6th player foul If No eligible players remaining on bench OR Player must reenter game after six fouls because last eligible player injured. Game No One, includes offensive fouls If defensive foul, team penalty also applies.
The number of fouls that triggers a penalty is higher in college men's basketball because the game is divided into two 20-minute halves, as opposed to quarters of 12 minutes in the NBA or 10 minutes in the WNBA, college women's basketball, or FIBA play (the college women's game was played in 20-minute halves before 2015–16).
If the player's team has six or fewer team fouls in the game, and the foul was not in the act of shooting, the team fouled gets possession of the ball. Starting with the team's seventh foul in the game, the player fouled gets two free throws. This applies even on shooting fouls, regardless of the result of the field goal attempt.
Rule 3-I-(a) and (b) go into effect when a team is reduced to five players by fouls or injuries. When a team is reduced to five players in a game and one fouls out, the fouling player remains in the game and the player is in a player foul penalty situation. The rule also applies when (after an injury) a player who fouled out of the game ...
A Player Foul Penalty situation exists if a player is assessed a sixth or subsequent personal foul and must remain in the game because there are no eligible players on the bench, or if after an injury or ejection, the last player to be disqualified for his sixth personal foul must return to the game. The penalty is a technical foul (with one ...
A player who commits five personal fouls over the course of a 40-minute game, [n 5] or six in a 48-minute game, fouls out and is disqualified for the remainder of the game. A player within one or two fouls of fouling out is in "foul trouble." Players who foul out are not ejected and may remain in the bench area for the remainder of the game.
It is an accepted basketball strategy for a trailing team to commit fouls intentionally late in a game, in an attempt to regain possession of the ball while minimizing how much time elapses on the game clock. A common personal foul gives the fouling team a chance to regain possession of the ball by rebounding a missed free throw.