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Fibre-optic Link Around the Globe (FLAG) is a 28,000-kilometre-long (17,398 mi; 15,119 nmi) fibre optic mostly-submarine communications cable that connects the United Kingdom, Japan, India, and many places in between. The cable is operated by Global Cloud Xchange, a subsidiary of RCOM. [1]
AAE-1 – Asia Africa Europe Gateway; France, Italy, Greece, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Djibouti, Yemen, Qatar, UAE, Oman, Pakistan, India, Myanmar, Cambodia, Thailand ...
They are significant providers of internet connection globally: 99% of international communications go through submarine fibre optic cables, [1] as well as US$10 trillion of financial transactions every day. [2] The European Union (EU), in particular, has a strong need for connection, since 87% of EU citizens were internet users in 2021. [3]
In the 1980s, fiber-optic cables were developed. The first transatlantic telephone cable to use optical fiber was TAT-8, which went into operation in 1988. A fiber-optic cable comprises multiple pairs of fibers. Each pair has one fiber in each direction. TAT-8 had two operational pairs and one backup pair.
All cables presently in service use fiber optic technology. Many cables terminate in Newfoundland and Ireland, which lie on the great circle route from London, UK to New York City, US. There has been a succession of newer transatlantic cable systems. All recent systems have used fiber optic transmission, and a self-healing ring topology.
Africa Coast to Europe (ACE) is an optical-fiber submarine cable system serving 24 countries on the Europe , west coast and south Africa, managed by a consortium of 20 members. The ACE cable connects more than 450 million people, either directly for coastal countries or through land links for landlocked countries such as Mali and Niger .
Atlantic Crossing 1 (AC-1) is an optical submarine telecommunications cable system linking the United States and three European countries. It transports speech and data traffic between the U.S., the U.K., the Netherlands and Germany. [ 1 ]
PEC or Pan European Crossing is a fibre optic cable network that links the European Union and the United Kingdom. It has a submarine telecommunications cable system segment crossing the English Channel linking the United Kingdom, Belgium, and France. One cable has landing points in: Dumpton Gap, Broadstairs, Kent, United Kingdom
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