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An inguinal hernia or groin hernia is a hernia (protrusion) of abdominal cavity contents through the inguinal canal. Symptoms, which may include pain or discomfort especially with or following coughing, exercise, or bowel movements , are absent in about a third of patients.
Incarcerated hernia leads to impairment of intestinal flow, and strangled hernia obstructs blood flow in addition to intestinal flow. [1] Inguinal hernia can make a small lump in the groin region which can be detected during a physical exam and verified by imaging techniques such as computed tomography (CT).
Inguinal hernia repair with mesh diagram Laparoscopic hernia repair with mesh. Surgery is recommended for some types of hernias to prevent complications such as obstruction of the bowel or strangulation of the tissue, although umbilical hernias and hiatus hernias may be watched, or are treated with medication. [34]
It is more often seen in men, and predominantly on the right side. Maydl's hernia should be suspected in patients with large incarcerated herniae and in patients with evidence of intra-abdominal strangulation or peritonitis. Postural or manual reduction of the hernia is contra-indicated as it may result in non-viable bowel being missed. [2]
If a loop of bowel passes through the mesenteric defect, that loop is at risk for incarceration, strangulation, or for becoming the lead point of a small bowel obstruction. [1] Internal hernias can also trap adipose tissue (fat) and nerves. Unlike more common forms of hernias, the trapped tissue protrudes inward, rather than outward. [2]
Bowel infarction or gangrenous bowel represents an irreversible injury to the intestine resulting from insufficient blood flow. It is considered a medical emergency because it can quickly result in life-threatening infection and death. [1] Any cause of bowel ischemia, the earlier reversible form of injury, may ultimately lead to infarction if ...
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Localised periumbilical pain may be experienced in the right lower quadrant (like appendicitis). [17] "Incarceration": when a Meckel's diverticulum is constricted in an inguinal hernia, forming a Littré hernia that obstructs the intestine. [19] Chronic diverticulitis causing stricture; Strangulation of the diverticulum in the obturator foramen.
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