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For a brief period, his Macedonian Empire was the most powerful in the world – the definitive Hellenistic state, inaugurating the transition to a new period of Ancient Greek civilization. Greek arts and literature flourished in the new conquered lands and advances in philosophy, engineering, and science spread across the empire and beyond.
Alexander's most immediate legacy was the introduction of Macedonian rule to huge new swathes of Asia. At the time of his death, Alexander's empire covered some 5,200,000 km 2 (2,000,000 sq mi), [263] and was the largest state of its time. Many of these areas remained in Macedonian hands or under Greek influence for the next 200–300 years.
The Kingdom of Macedonia (in dark orange) in c. 336 BC, at the end of the reign of Philip II of Macedon; other territories include Macedonian dependent states (light orange), the Molossians of Epirus (light red), Thessaly (desert sand color), the allied League of Corinth (yellow), neutral states of Sparta and Crete, and the western territories of the Achaemenid Empire in Anatolia (violet purple).
The assassins are executed and the city of Samaria is captured, and a colony of Macedonian military settlers are sent to live there. [21] 323–301 BCE. Alexander the Great dies. His generals partition the Macedonian empire between them. [22] Wars of the Diadochi: Alexander's feuding generals fight each other for control. [23]
Beginning in 338 BCE, Alexander the Great began an invasion of the Persian Empire. In 333–332 BCE, Alexander's Macedonian forces conquered the Levant, including Palestine. At the time, Judea was home to many Jews who had returned from exile in Babylon as the Achaemenid Empire allowed them to return.
The lands of the former Kingdom of Israel and Kingdom of Judah (c. 722 –586 BCE), had been occupied in turn by Assyria, Babylonia, the Achaemenid Empire, and Alexander the Great's Hellenic Macedonian empire (c. 330 BCE), although Jewish religious practice and culture had persisted and even flourished during certain periods.
The most notable Macedonian king and one of the most celebrated kings and military strategists of all time. By the end of his reign, Alexander was simultaneously King of Macedonia, Pharaoh of Egypt and King of Persia, and had conquered the entire former Achaemenid Empire as well as parts of the western Indus Valley. 323-317 BC: Philip III ...
Lysimachus and his brothers grew up with the status of Macedonians; all these brothers enjoyed with Lysimachus prominent positions in Alexander’s circle [6] and, like him, were educated at the Macedonian court in Pella. [7] [8] Pausanias and the historian Justin both record a story that Alexander had Lysimachus thrown to a lion as a ...