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Once released, the histamine can react with local or widespread tissues through histamine receptors. [citation needed] Histamine, acting on H 1-receptors, produces pruritus, vasodilation, hypotension, flushing, headache, bradycardia, bronchoconstriction, increase in vascular permeability and potentiation of pain. [2]
Betahistine primarily acts on histamine H₁ receptors located on blood vessels in the inner ear, leading to vasodilation and increased vascular permeability. These effects help to alleviate endolymphatic hydrops, a key factor in Ménière's disease .
Common side effects for oral decongestants include insomnia, hypertension (elevated blood pressure), and difficulty in urination. [12] Avoid use during pregnancy as it may cause vasoconstriction of uterine arteries thus reducing fetal blood supply. [14] Zyrtec-D, an example of combination therapy. Combination therapy with antihistamines
Hydroxyzine works by blocking the effects of histamine. [9] It is a first-generation antihistamine in the piperazine family of chemicals. [8] [4] Common side effects include sleepiness, headache, and dry mouth. [8] [9] Serious side effects may include QT prolongation. [9] It is unclear if use during pregnancy or breastfeeding is safe. [8]
The newer class of second-generation H 1 antihistamines do not readily permeate the blood–brain barrier and thus are less likely to cause sedation, although individual reactions, concomitant medications and dosage may increase the likelihood of a sedating effect. In contrast, histamine H 3 receptor antagonists increase wakefulness. Similar to ...
Histamine H 1 receptors are activated by endogenous histamine, which is released by neurons that have their cell bodies in the tuberomammillary nucleus of the hypothalamus. The histaminergic neurons of the tuberomammillary nucleus become active during the 'wake' cycle, firing at approximately 2 Hz; during slow wave sleep , this firing rate ...
A separate study showed that fish-oil derived omega-3s may improve muscle mass, strength, and physical function in older adults with stable weight, and HMB improved both muscle mass and strength ...
Activated mast cells and basophils undergo a process called degranulation, during which they release histamine and other inflammatory chemical mediators (cytokines, interleukins, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins) from their granules into the surrounding tissue causing several systemic effects, such as vasodilation, mucous secretion, nerve ...