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Pope Alexander VII (Italian: Alessandro VII; 13 February 1599 – 22 May 1667), born Fabio Chigi, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 7 April 1655 to his death, in May 1667. [1] [2] He began his career as a vice-papal legate, and he held various diplomatic positions in the Holy See.
The earliest surviving account of the celebration of the Eucharist or the Mass in Rome is that of Saint Justin Martyr (died c. 165), in chapter 67 of his First Apology: [2]. On the day called Sunday, all who live in cities or in the country gather together to one place, and the memoirs of the apostles or the writings of the prophets are read, as long as time permits; then, when the reader has ...
The College of Cardinals, more formally called the Sacred College of Cardinals, is the body of all cardinals of the Catholic Church. [1] As of 22 January 2025, there are 252 cardinals, of whom 138 are eligible to vote in a conclave to elect a new pope.
As such, the Pope is styled "Ang Kanyáng Kabanalan Papa Francisco". A cardinal is formally styled and addressed as "Ang Kanyáng Kabunyian", literally denoting "His Illustriousness" (Philippine English for "His Eminence"). Cardinals are informally addressed as "Cardinal" followed by their names; for example, "Cardinal Juan".
The papal diary first mentions the monument as early as August 9, 1656. [7] After his death, the project was directed and paid for by Alexander's nephew, Cardinal Flavio Chigi. [8] Under Pope Clement IX, the tomb was originally to be placed in the choir of Santa Maria Maggiore. After Clement's death, the idea was abandoned and the location ...
When cardinals assemble to elect a pope, they vote as often as four times a day, especially in the first day or two, to determine which candidates are most likely to garner a majority vote.
Traditionally, he wears special red satin or velvet papal slippers indoors, and red leather papal shoes outdoors. The papal shoes were traditionally red, although Pope John Paul II would sometimes wear black or brown leather shoes. Pope Benedict XVI restored the use of the traditional red papal shoes, but Pope Francis has reverted to black shoes.
Papal Solemn Mass celebrated by Pope John XXIII in St. Peter's Basilica in the early 1960s. Note the presence of several assistant priests and ministers, and the mitre and the papal tiaras placed on the altar. The Pope's Pontifical High Mass, when celebrated with full solemnity, was even more elaborate.