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As of 2024, the legal protection of foreign direct investment under public international law is guaranteed by a network of more than 2,750 bilateral investment treaties (BITs), multilateral investment treaties, such as the Energy Charter Treaty, and free trade agreements, such as the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). Most of these ...
Bilateral investment treaties (BITs) proliferated during the first decade of the 21st century, reaching more than 2,500 by 2007. Many such treaties contain text that refers present and future investment disputes to ICSID. [13] As of 30 June 2012, ICSID has registered 390 disputes.
M. Sornarajah, The International Law on Foreign Direct Investment, Cambridge University Press, 2004. Catharine Titi, The Right to Regulate in International Investment Law, Nomos and Hart, 2014, ISBN 9781849466110. Journal of International Arbitration, Kluwer Law International. Recent developments in international investment law August Reinisch, Ed.
Proponents of MAI (such as the United States, Canada, and several EU members) continue to promote investment provisions similar to MAI through regional trade agreements, bilateral investment treaties, bilateral free-trade agreements and discussion at the World Trade Organization to be incorporated into the General Agreement on Trade in Services.
International arbitration is an alternative to local court procedures. International arbitration has different rules than domestic arbitration, [6] and has its own non-country-specific standards of ethical conduct. [7] The process may be more limited than typical litigation and forms a hybrid between the common law and civil law legal systems. [8]
The Philip Morris v.Uruguay case (Spanish: Caso Philip Morris contra Uruguay) was an investor-state dispute settlement case initiated on 19 February 2010 and concluded on 8 July 2016, in which the multinational tobacco company Philip Morris International (PMI), whose head office is located in Lausanne, [1] lodged a complaint against Uruguay that was resolved by international arbitration under ...
The treaty was adopted on 10 December 2014 by United Nations General Assembly resolution 69/116 during the sixty-ninth session of the General Assembly. It has been signed by 22 states. It entered into force on 18 October 2017 after it had been ratified by its third state.
A bilateral investment treaty (BIT) is an agreement establishing the terms and conditions for private investment by nationals and companies of one state in another state. This type of investment is called foreign direct investment (FDI). BITs are established through trade pacts. A nineteenth-century forerunner of the BIT is the "friendship ...