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Methanol has a moderate to high toxicity in humans. As little as 10 mL of pure methanol when drunk is metabolized into formic acid , which can cause permanent blindness by destruction of the optic nerve . 15 mL is potentially fatal, [ 1 ] although the median lethal dose is typically 100 mL (3.4 fl oz) (i.e. 1–2 mL/kg body weight of pure ...
Pathology is the medical discipline that describes conditions typically observed during a disease state, whereas physiology is the biological discipline that describes processes or mechanisms operating within an organism. Pathology describes the abnormal or undesired condition (symptoms of a disease), whereas pathophysiology seeks to explain ...
Earlier and aggressive treatment, the use of experimental treatments, or at least modern tools such as ventilators, ECMO, dialysis, bypass, and transplantation, especially at a trauma center, may improve outcomes in certain cases, but this depends in part on speedy and affordable access to high-quality care, which many areas lack.
When death occurs, it is most commonly due to respiratory failure due to paralysis of respiratory muscles and depression of central nervous system, which is responsible for respiration. For people affected by cholinergic syndrome, atropine sulfate combined with an oxime is used to combat the effects of the acute OP poisoning.
Treatment of dysautonomia can be difficult; since it is made up of many different symptoms, a combination of drug therapies is often required to manage individual symptomatic complaints. In the case of autoimmune neuropathy, treatment with immunomodulatory therapies is done. If diabetes mellitus is the cause, control of blood glucose is ...
The heart and nervous system can also be affected, causing disruption to heart rhythms (QT interval prolongation or tachycardia), heart failure, confusion, seizures, brain swelling, coma, and death. [8] [9] Inhaling arsine gas – the most toxic form of arsenic – causes a multisystem disease starting 2 to 24 hours after inhalation. Symptoms ...
Symptoms of anatoxin-a toxicity include loss of coordination, muscular fasciculations, convulsions and death by respiratory paralysis. Its mode of action is through the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAchR) where it mimics the binding of the receptor's natural ligand, acetylcholine. As such, anatoxin-a has been used for medicinal purposes to ...
In humans, prolonged starvation can cause permanent organ damage [1] and eventually, death. The term inanition [ 2 ] refers to the symptoms and effects of starvation. Starvation by outside forces is a crime according to international criminal law and may also be used as a means of torture or execution .