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Gadolinium is a chemical element; it has symbol Gd and atomic number 64. Gadolinium is a silvery-white metal when oxidation is removed. It is a malleable and ductile rare-earth element. Gadolinium reacts with atmospheric oxygen or moisture slowly to form a black coating. Gadolinium below its Curie point of 20 °C (68 °F) is ferromagnetic, with ...
MRI contrast agents are contrast agents used to improve the visibility of internal body structures in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). [1] The most commonly used compounds for contrast enhancement are gadolinium -based contrast agents (GBCAs). Such MRI contrast agents shorten the relaxation times of nuclei within body tissues following oral or ...
A contrast agent (or contrast medium) is a substance used to increase the contrast of structures or fluids within the body in medical imaging. [1] Contrast agents absorb or alter external electromagnetism or ultrasound, which is different from radiopharmaceuticals, which emit radiation themselves. In X-ray imaging, contrast agents enhance the ...
Isotopes of gadolinium (64Gd) Naturally occurring gadolinium (64 Gd) is composed of 6 stable isotopes, 154 Gd, 155 Gd, 156 Gd, 157 Gd, 158 Gd and 160 Gd, and 1 radioisotope, 152 Gd, with 158 Gd being the most abundant (24.84% natural abundance). The predicted double beta decay of 160 Gd has never been observed; only a lower limit on its half ...
Gadoteric acid, sold under the brand name Dotarem among others, is a macrocycle -structured gadolinium-based MRI contrast agent (GBCA). It consists of the organic acid DOTA as a chelating agent, and gadolinium (Gd 3+), and is used in form of the meglumine salt (gadoterate meglumine). [4][5] The paramagnetic property of gadoteric acid reduces ...
Iodinated contrast contains iodine.It is the main type of radiocontrast used for intravenous administration.Iodine has a particular advantage as a contrast agent for radiography because its innermost electron ("k-shell") binding energy is 33.2 keV, similar to the average energy of x-rays used in diagnostic radiography.
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a medical imaging technique used in radiology to form pictures of the anatomy and the physiological processes inside the body. MRI scanners use strong magnetic fields, magnetic field gradients, and radio waves to generate images of the organs in the body. MRI does not involve X-rays or the use of ionizing ...
Gadolinium oxysulfide is a promising luminescent host material, because of its high density (7.32 g/cm 3) and high effective atomic number of Gd. These characteristics lead to a high interaction probability for X-ray radiation. Several synthesis routes have been developed for processing Gd 2 O 2 S phosphors, including: solid state reaction ...