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Star formation. Star formation is the process by which dense regions within molecular clouds in interstellar space, sometimes referred to as "stellar nurseries" or " star -forming regions", collapse and form stars. [1] As a branch of astronomy, star formation includes the study of the interstellar medium (ISM) and giant molecular clouds (GMC ...
This is a list of software used to simulate the material and energy balances of chemical process plants. Applications for this include design studies, engineering studies, design audits, debottlenecking studies, control system check-out, process simulation, dynamic simulation, operator training simulators, pipeline management systems, production management systems, digital twins.
See 1 for similar simulations. Smoothed-particle hydrodynamics (SPH) is a computational method used for simulating the mechanics of continuum media, such as solid mechanics and fluid flows. It was developed by Gingold and Monaghan [ 2 ] and Lucy [ 3 ] in 1977, initially for astrophysical problems.
N. -body simulation. In physics and astronomy, an N-body simulation is a simulation of a dynamical system of particles, usually under the influence of physical forces, such as gravity (see n -body problem for other applications). N -body simulations are widely used tools in astrophysics, from investigating the dynamics of few-body systems like ...
RECFAST — Software was developed by Seager, Sasselov, and Scott and used to calculate the recombination history of the universe. The package is used by cosmological boltzmann codes (CMBFast, CAMB etc.) TOAST — Time Ordered Astrophysics Scalable Tools, developed and designed by Theodore Kisner, Reijo Keskitalo, Jullian Borrill et al.
Athena is a grid-based program for astrophysical magnetohydrodynamics (MHD). It was developed primarily for studies of the interstellar medium, star formation, and accretion flows. Source code is available. EOF-Library EOF-Library is a software that couples Elmer FEM and OpenFOAM simulation packages.
e. The study of galaxy formation and evolution is concerned with the processes that formed a heterogeneous universe from a homogeneous beginning, the formation of the first galaxies, the way galaxies change over time, and the processes that have generated the variety of structures observed in nearby galaxies. Galaxy formation is hypothesized to ...
The SSPSF (stochastic self-propagating star formation) model of star formation was proposed by Mueller & Arnett [1] in 1976, generalized afterward by Gerola & Seiden [2] in 1978 and Gerola, Seiden, & Schulman [3] in 1980. This model proposes that star formation propagates via the action of shock waves produced by stellar winds and supernovae ...