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  2. In Python 2, you create two lists in memory for each dict, create a third list in memory with length equal to the length of the first two put together, and then discard all three lists to create the dict. In Python 3, this will fail because you're adding two dict_items objects together, not two lists - >>> c = dict(a.items() + b.items ...

  3. Using dict(**orig) will create a new temporary dict that is used as keyword argument for the dict constructor. The constructor will then copy the values from this argument into itself. So you create an additional dictionary with dict(**orig). This is wasteful when the dictionaries are big, as in the original question. –

  4. I'll just add keyword operator to make this answer easier to find when somebody searches for python operator ** expecting * or ** this is called operator in this context. – Mikko Rantalainen Commented Jan 5, 2021 at 13:49

  5. Python 3.9 on: Use lowercase dict in the same method as the accepted answer. typing.Dict and similar upper case generic types which mirror built-ins are deprecated due to PEP 585: def my_func(value: dict[str, int]): pass

  6. Another efficient way of doing this with the update method is with keyword arguments, but since they have to be legitimate python words, you can't have spaces or special symbols or start the name with a number, but many consider this a more readable way to create keys for a dict, and here we certainly avoid creating an extra unnecessary dict:

  7. If you want to loop over a dictionary and modify it in iteration (perhaps add/delete a key), in Python 2, it was possible by looping over my_dict.keys(). In Python 3, the iteration has to be over an explicit copy of the keys (otherwise it throws a RuntimeError) because my_dict.keys() returns a view of the dictionary keys, so any change to my ...

  8. mydict = {('foo', 'bar', 'baz'):1} # Initializes dict with a key/value pair mydict[('foo', 'bar', 'baz')] # Returns 1 mydict[('foo', 'unbar')] = 2 # Sets a value for a new key The parentheses are required if you initialize the dict with a tuple key, but you can omit them when setting/getting values using []:

  9. In Python 3 you can use the values() function of the dictionary. It returns a view object of the values. It returns a view object of the values. This, in turn, can be passed to the iter function which returns an iterator object.

  10. How can I get a list of the values in a dict in Python? In Java, getting the values of a Map as a List is as easy as doing list = map.values();. I'm wondering if there is a similarly simple way in Python to get a list of values from a dict.

  11. Creating a new dictionary in Python - Stack Overflow

    stackoverflow.com/questions/8424942

    (7 yrs later) performances did not changed even in python 3.x.x you can see it running a %timeit my_dict = {} vs %timeit my_dict = dict() – Carlo Commented Sep 16, 2021 at 10:20