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The Vietnamese alphabet contains 29 letters, including seven letters using four diacritics: ă , â , ê , ô , ơ , ư , and đ . There are an additional five diacritics used to designate tone (as in à , á , ả , ã , and ạ ).
In the Vietnamese alphabet, there are: 11 single vowels: a, ă, â, e, ê, i, o, ô, ơ, u, ư, y. 3 phonetic pairs with different writings: ia - yê - iê, ua - uô, ưa - ươ. The remaining letters are called consonants. Most of them are 1 letter, in which 9 consonants are composed of 2 letters: ph, th, tr, gi, ch, nh, ng, kh, gh.
Vietnamese is also known as Annamese, Ching, Gin, Jing, Kinh or Viet. The native name is tiếng việt ("Vietnamese language"). The main dialects are Northern, Central and Southern, and in each region there are numerous subdialects.
The Vietnamese alphabet (chữ Quốc ngữ in Vietnamese) is a version of the Latin alphabet that is used to write the Vietnamese language. All letters of the ISO Basic Latin Alphabet are except for F, J, W, and Z, which are found only in loanwords.
The Vietnamese alphabet includes 29 letters but does not include the letters F, J, W, Z as in the English alphabet. Vietnamese has an extensive number of letters with diacritical marks to make tonal distinctions.
In this lesson, we’ll learn how to write Vietnamese by quickly learning the most fundamental and useful knowledge about Vietnamese words. The next lesson on how to speak Vietnamese would give you the other half of the picture. At the core of a writing system is its alphabet, the set of letters or symbols from which all words are written.
Modern Vietnamese uses a Latin-based alphabet called chữ Quốc ngữ (“national language script”) which was originally devised by Portuguese and Italian missionaries in the 16th century. Chữ Quốc ngữ has 29 letters and here's what they look like: (Note that Vietnamese doesn't use the Latin letters F, J, W, or Z)