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İstiklal Avenue (Turkish: İstiklal Caddesi, lit. 'Independence Avenue') is a 1.4 kilometre (0.87 mi) pedestrian street in the historic Beyoğlu (Pera) district in Istanbul , Turkey . It is one of the most famous avenues in the city.
Beyoğlu continued to be named Pera during the Middle Ages and, in western languages, into the early 20th century. According to the prevailing theory, the Turkish name of Pera, Beyoğlu, meaning "Bey's Son" in Turkish, is a modification by folk etymology of the Venetian title of Bailo.
Çiçek Pasajı (Turkish: Flower Passage), originally called the Cité de Péra, is a famous historic passage (galleria or arcade) on İstiklal Avenue in the Beyoğlu district of Istanbul, Turkey. A covered arcade with rows of historic cafes, winehouses and restaurants, it connects İstiklal Avenue with Sahne Street and has a side entrance ...
İstiklal Caddesi (Independence Avenue), a long pedestrian shopping street, ends at this square, and a nostalgic tram runs from the square along the avenue, ending near the Tünel (1875) which is the world's second-oldest subway line after London's Underground (1863). In addition to serving as the main transfer point for the municipal bus ...
The Pera Palace Hotel is located in the Tepebaşı neighbourhood of Pera, once known as "Little Europe". It is about 20 km (12 mi) from Atatürk International Airport . The hotel is in walking distance of Istiklal Avenue , Taksim Square and the British , Swedish , Russian , Dutch , Italian , French and German consulates.
Connection to the İstiklal Avenue heritage tram line, to Taksim Square, is available just outside the station. About two blocks away is the İstiklal Avenue entrance to the Şişhane metro station on the M2 line of the Istanbul Metro. Since Beyoğlu is located within a mostly pedestrian area, no immediate connection to city buses is available.
The most important part of the street runs 6 km (3.7 mi) from Bostancı to Kızıltoprak within the district of Kadıköy. Bağdat Avenue is usually seen as the counterpart of Istiklal Avenue on the European side of the city in terms of its importance and glamour although it lacks the fine heritage of historic buildings to be found on Istiklal ...
According to Pliny the Elder Byzantium was first known as Lygos. [1] The origin and meaning of the name are unknown. Zsolt suggested it was etymologically identitical to the Greek name for the Ligures and derived from the Anatolian ethnonym Ligyes, [2] a tribe that was part of Xerxes' army [3] and appeared to have been neighbors to the Paphlagonians. [4]