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The Crossword Extra was a bonus word played once in Round 1 and twice in subsequent rounds (originally once in each round, with the second word added following the removal of the Getaways). Similar to the Daily Double in Jeopardy!, the Extra clue was revealed upon correctly guessing another word. The contestant then wagered all or part of his ...
A planetary mnemonic refers to a phrase created to remember the planets and dwarf planets of the Solar System, with the order of words corresponding to increasing sidereal periods of the bodies. One simple visual mnemonic is to hold out both hands side-by-side with thumbs in the same direction (typically left-hand facing palm down, and right ...
The solar reflectance of green roofs varies depending on the plant types (generally 0.3–0.5). [29] Green roofs may not reflect as much as a cool roof but do have other benefits such as evapotranspiration which cools the plants and the immediate area around the plants, aiding in lowering rooftop temperatures but increasing humidity, naturally.
4.5 1906 – Feb 107 54 4-1 11-6 Solar cycle 15: 1913 – Jul 2.5 1917 – Aug 176 73 4-1 10-1 Solar cycle 16: 1923 – Aug 9.3 1928 – Apr 130 68 4-8 10-1 Solar cycle 17: 1933 – Sep 5.8 1937 – Apr 199 96 3-7 10-5 Solar cycle 18: 1944 – Feb 12.9 1947 – May 219 109 3-3 10-2 Solar cycle 19: 1954 – Apr 5.1 1958 – Mar 285 129 3-11 10-6
Of the ~340 W/m 2 of solar radiation received by the Earth, an average of ~77 W/m 2 is reflected back to space by clouds and the atmosphere and ~23 W/m 2 is reflected by the surface albedo, leaving ~240 W/m 2 of solar energy input to the Earth's energy budget. This amount is called the absorbed solar radiation (ASR).
There has been a range of proposals to reflect or deflect solar radiation from space, before it even reaches the atmosphere, commonly described as a space sunshade. [13] The most straightforward is to have mirrors orbiting around the Earth—an idea first suggested even before the wider awareness of climate change , with rocketry pioneer ...
The solar mass (M ☉) is a standard unit of mass in astronomy, equal to approximately 2 × 10 30 kg (2 nonillion kilograms in US short scale). It is approximately equal to the mass of the Sun . It is often used to indicate the masses of other stars , as well as stellar clusters , nebulae , galaxies and black holes .
The intensity of solar thermal energy from solar radiation at the surface of the earth is about 1 kilowatt per square metre (0.093 kW/sq ft), of area normal to the direction of the sun, under clear-sky conditions. When solar energy is unconcentrated, the maximum collector temperature is about 80–100 °C (176–212 °F).