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Hooke most famously describes a fly's eye and a plant cell (where he coined that term because plant cells, which are walled, reminded him of the cells in a honeycomb [2]). Known for its spectacular copperplate of the miniature world, particularly its fold-out plates of insects, the text itself reinforces the tremendous power of the new microscope.
The cell was first discovered by Robert Hooke in 1665, which can be found to be described in his book Micrographia. In this book, he gave 60 observations in detail of various objects under a coarse, compound microscope. One observation was from very thin slices of bottle cork. Hooke discovered a multitude of tiny pores that he named "cells".
Robert Hooke FRS (/ h ʊ k /; 18 July 1635 – 3 March 1703) [4] [a] was an English polymath who was active as a physicist ("natural philosopher"), astronomer, geologist, meteorologist and architect. [5]
Cork was examined microscopically by Robert Hooke, which led to his discovery and naming of the cell. [2] Cork composition varies depending on geographic origin, climate and soil conditions, genetic origin, tree dimensions, age (virgin or reproduction), and growth conditions. However, in general, cork is made up of suberin (average of about 40% ...
Robert Hooke – Coined the word "cell" after looking at cork under a microscope. Anton van Leeuwenhoek – First observed microscopic single celled organisms in apparently clean water. Hans Adolf Krebs – Discovered the citric acid cycle in 1937. Konstantin Mereschkowski – Russian botanist who in 1905 described the Theory of Endosymbiosis.
Robert Hooke's drawing of cells in cork, 1665 In 1665, Robert Hooke examined a thin slice of cork under his microscope , and saw a structure of small enclosures. He wrote "I could exceeding plainly perceive it to be all perforated and porous, much like a Honey-comb , but that the pores of it were not regular". [ 38 ]
Cells were first seen in 17th-century Europe with the invention of the compound microscope. In 1665, Robert Hooke referred to the building blocks of all living organisms as "cells" (published in Micrographia) after looking at a piece of cork and observing a structure reminiscent of a monastic cell; [4] [5] however, the cells were dead. They ...
In Micrographia, Robert Hooke had applied the word cell to biological structures such as this piece of cork, but it was not until the 19th century that scientists considered cells the universal basis of life. As the microscopic world was expanding, the macroscopic world was shrinking.