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Transactional Model of Stress and Coping of Richard Lazarus. Richard S. Lazarus (March 3, 1922 – November 24, 2002) was an American psychologist who began rising to prominence in the 1960s. A Review of General Psychology survey, published in 2002, ranked Lazarus as the 80th most cited psychologist of the 20th century. [1]
Cognitive appraisal (also called simply 'appraisal') is the subjective interpretation made by an individual to stimuli in the environment. It is a component in a variety of theories relating to stress, mental health, coping, and emotion. It is most notably used in the transactional model of stress and coping, introduced in a 1984 publication by ...
Lazarus and Folkman's interpretation of stress focuses on the transaction between people and their external environment (known as the Transactional Model). The model contends that stress may not be a stressors if the person does not perceive the stressors as a threat but rather as positive or even challenging.
Appraisal theory is the theory in psychology that emotions are extracted from our evaluations (appraisals or estimates) of events that cause specific reactions in different people. Essentially, our appraisal of a situation causes an emotional, or affective, response that is going to be based on that appraisal. [ 1 ]
Transactional model, generally speaking, refers to a model in which interactions in two directions are considered together, for example from one person to another and back, or from one subsystem to another and back. Specifically, the term "transactional model" may refer, in biology and psychology, to the: Transactional model of stress and coping.
From a scientific perspective, caregiver burden is a theoretical construct. The conceptual basis for the appraisal of the care situation is the Transactional Model of Lazarus and Folkman. [1] The subjective evaluation of the care situation (stressor) by the caregivers is critical for the development and maintenance of subjective burden.
Core relational themes of emotion. A core relational theme provides a convenient summary for the relational harm or benefit that underlies each specific kind of emotion. [1] Each emotion or emotion family is defined by a core relational theme. [1] When the implications for individual well-being are appraised by a person, an action impulse, that ...
Specifically, the PSS is based upon Lazarus's original transactional model [1] of stress that argues the experience of a stressor is influenced by evaluations on the part of the person as to how well they can manage a stressor given their coping resources. [25]