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The best known style of Indo-Islamic architecture is Mughal architecture, mostly built between about 1560 and 1720. Early Mughal architecture developed from existing Indo-Islamic architecture but also followed the model of Timurid architecture, due in part to the Timurid ancestry of the Mughal dynasty's founder, Babur.
The Islamic prohibition on certain images encouraged batik design to become more abstract and intricate. Realistic depictions of animals and humans are rare on traditional batik . However, mythical serpents, humans with exaggerated features and the Garuda of pre-Islamic mythology are common motifs.
[7] [8] In Islamic culture, the patterns are believed to be the bridge to the spiritual realm, the instrument to purify the mind and the soul. [9] David Wade [b] states that "Much of the art of Islam, whether in architecture, ceramics, textiles or books, is the art of decoration – which is to say, of transformation."
Umayyad architecture developed in the Umayyad Caliphate between 661 and 750, primarily in its heartlands of Syria and Palestine.It drew extensively on the architecture of older Middle Eastern and Mediterranean civilizations including the Sassanian Empire and especially the Byzantine Empire, but introduced innovations in decoration and form.
However, Mamluk architecture is oftentimes categorized more by the reigns of major sultans, than a specific design. [4] Caroline Williams, in her guide to the historic monuments of Cairo, suggests dividing the history of Mamluk architecture in the city in three approximate phases: Early Mamluk (1250–1350), Middle Mamluk (1350–1430), and ...
Over the centuries, these structures have incorporated various architectural styles, ranging from the simple, modest structures of early Islam to the grand, ornate designs seen in the Ottoman, Persian, and Mughal empires. [2] In the 20th century, with the global spread of Modernist architecture, the design of mosques also began to change.
[1] [2] Scholarly references on Islamic architecture often refer to this architectural tradition in terms such as architecture of the Islamic West [2] [1] [3] or architecture of the Western Islamic lands. [4] [5] [3] The use of the term "Moorish" comes from the historical Western European designation of the Muslim inhabitants of these regions ...
The gardens of Mughul India: a history and a guide. Jay Kay Book Shop. ISBN 978-8-187-22109-8. Lehrman, Jonas Benzion (1980). Earthly paradise: garden and courtyard in Islam. University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-04363-4. Ruggles, D. Fairchild (2008). Islamic Gardens and Landscapes. University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 0-8122-4025-1.