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As of 2018, paper products are still the largest component of MSW generated in the United States, making up 23% by weight. [32] While paper is the most commonly recycled material (68.2 percent of paper waste was recovered in 2018, up from 33.5 percent in 1990) [31] [33] it is being used less overall than at the turn of the century. [34]
It was not until the introduction of wood pulp in 1843 that paper production was independent of recycled materials. [2] Recycling of used paper before the industrialisation of paper production, rag paper was recycled to make low-grade board. A process for removing printing inks from recycled paper was invented by German jurist Justus Claproth ...
International Paper is the world's largest pulp and paper maker. Paper mill Mondi in Slovakia. The pulp and paper industry comprises companies that use wood, specifically pulpwood, as raw material and produce pulp, paper, paperboard, and other cellulose-based products. Diagram showing the sections of the Fourdrinier machine
Kraft pulp is darker than other wood pulps, but it can be bleached to make very white pulp. Fully bleached kraft pulp is used to make high-quality paper where strength, whiteness, and resistance to yellowing are important. The kraft process can use a wider range of fiber sources than most other pulping processes.
This process has made wood pulp the preferred raw material due to its scalability and cost-effectiveness. In response to the demand for sustainable alternatives, the paper industry has focused on recycled waste paper as a tree-free option. However, it's important to note that most recycled paper originally comes from wood pulp.
Virgin paper contains no recycled content and is made directly from the pulp of trees or cotton. Materials recovered after the initial paper manufacturing process are considered recycled paper. Because that original standard was so vague, some “recycled papers” contained only mill scraps that would have been included in virgin paper anyway ...
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Recycled papers can be made from 100% recycled materials or blended with virgin pulp, although they are (generally) not as strong nor as bright as papers made from the latter. Additives Besides the fibres, pulps may contain fillers such as chalk or china clay , [ 12 ] which improve its characteristics for printing or writing. [ 13 ]