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The basic GD&T symbol for surface roughness. Surface roughness or simply roughness is the quality of a surface of not being smooth and it is hence linked to human perception of the surface texture. From a mathematical perspective it is related to the spatial variability structure of surfaces, and inherently it is a multiscale property.
Undimensioned drawings Y14.36M–1996: Surface texture symbols Y14.38–2007: Abbreviations and acronyms for use on drawings and related documents Y14.4M–1989: Pictorial drawing Y14.41–2003: Digital product definition data practices Y14.42–2002: Digital approval systems Y14.5–2018: Dimensioning and tolerancing Y14.5.1M–1994
Surface finish, also known as surface texture or surface topography, is the nature of a surface as defined by the three characteristics of lay, surface roughness, and waviness. [1] It comprises the small, local deviations of a surface from the perfectly flat ideal (a true plane ).
In engineering, the Moody chart or Moody diagram (also Stanton diagram) is a graph in non-dimensional form that relates the Darcy–Weisbach friction factor f D, Reynolds number Re, and surface roughness for fully developed flow in a circular pipe. It can be used to predict pressure drop or flow rate down such a pipe.
Today TIR in its more inclusive expansion, "total indicator reading", concerns all kinds of features, from round to flat to contoured. One example of how the "total" emphasis can apply to flat surfaces as well as round ones is in the topic of surface roughness, where both peaks and valleys count toward an assessment of the magnitude of roughness.
Waviness is the measurement of the more widely spaced component of surface texture.It is a broader view of roughness because it is more strictly defined as "the irregularities whose spacing is greater than the roughness sampling length".
Having a constant diameter, measured at varying angles around the shape, is often considered to be a simple measurement of roundness.This is misleading. [3]Although constant diameter is a necessary condition for roundness, it is not a sufficient condition for roundness: shapes exist that have constant diameter but are far from round.
ASME Y14.5 is a complete definition of geometric dimensioning and tolerancing. It contains 15 sections which cover symbols and datums as well as tolerances of form, orientation, position, profile and runout. [3] It is complemented by ASME Y14.5.1 - Mathematical Definition of Dimensioning and Tolerancing Principles.