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According to IDEA, deaf-blindness is defined as "concomitant [simultaneous] hearing and visual impairments, the combination of which causes such severe communication and other developmental and educational needs that they cannot be accommodated in special education programs solely for children with deafness or children with blindness." [10]
For example, if a student is blind or visually impaired, the IEP is mandated to provide instruction in braille unless an evaluation of the student's reading and writing skills, needs, and future needs indicate that this instruction is not appropriate for the student. If a student is deaf or hard of hearing, the team is required to consider the ...
The Michigan Council for Exceptional Children provides scholarships for Michigan students with disabilities. ... and deserving legally blind students attend college and/or graduate school ...
Just over 4 in 5 students who attended four-year colleges reported receiving their requested accommodations or services, compared to just over half of students at two-year colleges.
Neurodevelopmentally, children in the child welfare system have risks similar to those of premature and low-birth-weight infants. [45] Children in this population scored nearly one standard deviation below the mean of the early-cognitive-development tool used for assessment. Language skills fell almost one standard deviation below the norm as well.
Various laws began to carve out space for a student's right to FAPE in the mid-to-late twentieth century. For example, the 1958 Captioned Films Act, Public Law 85-905, [8] [9] was intended, at least in part, to enrich the educational experience of the deaf, demonstrating recognition that their educational opportunities differed somewhat from their hearing peers.
More than 1 million students were refused access to public schools and another 3.5 million received little or no effective instruction. Many states had laws that explicitly excluded children with certain types of disabilities, including children who were blind, deaf, and children labeled "emotionally disturbed" or "mentally retarded." [10]
The practice of institutionalizing the blind in asylums has a history extending back over a thousand years, but it was not until the 18th century that authorities created schools for them where blind children, particularly those more privileged, were usually educated in such specialized settings. These institutions provided simple vocational ...