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Muhammad returned to Mecca not long before his death, following the victory of his forces in the Muslim–Quraysh War (Arabic: فتح مكة Fatḥ Makkah). The date Muhammad set out for Mecca is variously given as 2, 6 or 10 Ramadan 8 AH [63] (December 629 or January 630). [63] [64] (10–20 Ramadan, 8 AH). [63]
Abraham encountered several miracles of God during his lifetime. The Quran records a few main miracles, although different interpretations have been attributed to the passages. Some of the miracles recorded in the Quran are: Abraham was shown the kingdom of the Heavens and the Earth. [50] Abraham and the miracle of the birds. [31]
Muhammad led the Conquest of Mecca in Ramadan of the Islamic year 8 AH (corresponding to Dec. 629/Jan. 630). The Quraysh in Mecca was Muhammad's final major rival in the Arabian Peninsula, and following the conquest, Muhammad focused his military operations on further expansion of his Islamic realm to the north, with a campaign against the Ghassanids and the Byzantine Empire.
In 630, Muhammad marched on Mecca with 10,000 Muslim converts. With minimal casualties, Muhammad seized control of Mecca. [275] He declared an amnesty for past offences, except for ten men and women who were "guilty of murder or other offences or had sparked off the war and disrupted the peace". [276] Some of these were later pardoned. [277]
The date Muhammad set out for Mecca is variously given as 2, 6 or 10 Ramadan 8 AH. [3] The date Muhammad entered Mecca is variously given as 10, 17/18, 19 or 20 Ramadan 8 AH. [3] The conversion of these dates to the Julian calendar depends on what assumptions are made about the calendar in use in Mecca at the time.
Shortly before his death in 632, Muhammad performed the Hajj rituals in Mecca. [156] In his sermon in Mecca [157] and again later at the Ghadir Khumm by some accounts, [158] [36] [159] he alerted Muslims about his impending death. After the Hajj, Muhammad set off on the return journey from Mecca to Medina, accompanied by a large number of pilgrims.
In 632 CE, shortly before his death, Muhammad performed his only and last pilgrimage with a large number of followers, and taught them the rites of the Hajj and the manners of performing them. [9] In the plain of Arafat, he delivered a famous speech – known as The Farewell Sermon – to those who were present there. [10]
Both men, which included Uqba ibn Abu Mu'ayt, had personally attempted to kill Muhammad in Mecca. [21] The raiders had won a lot of treasure, and the battle helped to stabilize the Medinan community. [23] Muhammad and his followers saw in the victory a confirmation of their faith and a prime importance in the affairs of Medina.