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One application of quantum dots in biology is as donor fluorophores in Förster resonance energy transfer, where the large extinction coefficient and spectral purity of these fluorophores make them superior to molecular fluorophores [90] It is also worth noting that the broad absorbance of QDs allows selective excitation of the QD donor and a ...
Their diameters (2 - 10 nm) are on the order of the exciton Bohr radius, resulting in quantum confinement effects analogous to the "particle-in-a-box" model. As a result, optical and electronic properties of quantum dots vary with their size: nanocrystals of larger sizes will emit lower energy light upon fluorescence excitation. [23]
In order to use quantum dots in many biology related applications, the quantum dots must be soluble in aqueous environments. For quantum dots to be solubilized in water, the amphiphilic ligands must be on the surface of quantum dots. DNA can be used as a solubilization ligand due to its amphiphilic nature. [1]
Quantum biology is the study of applications of quantum mechanics and theoretical chemistry to aspects of biology that cannot be accurately described by the classical laws of physics. [1] An understanding of fundamental quantum interactions is important because they determine the properties of the next level of organization in biological systems.
This means that the use of fluorescent quantum dots could produce a higher contrast image and at a lower cost than today's organic dyes used as contrast media. The downside, however, is that quantum dots are usually made of quite toxic elements, but this concern may be addressed by use of fluorescent dopants, substances added to create ...
Silicon quantum dots have been used in prototype applications owing to their biocompatibility and the ubiquitous nature of silicon, compared to other types of quantum dots. In addition to these fundamental properties, the unique optical properties of silicon quantum dots (i.e., long-lived excited states, large Stokes shift and tunable ...
The quantized energy levels observed in quantum dots lead to electronic structures that are intermediate between single molecules which have a single HOMO-LUMO gap and bulk semiconductors which have continuous energy levels within bands [7] The electronic structure of quantum dots is intermediate between single molecules and bulk semiconductors.
He is a pioneer in nanomaterials development [1] [2] and an authority on the fabrication of nanocrystals and their use in biomedical and renewable energy applications. [3] He was ranked fifth among the world's top 100 chemists for the period 2000–2010 in the list released by Thomson Reuters. [4] [5]
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