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Using PETN, engineers would need 1.0/1.66 (or 0.60) kg to obtain the same effects as 1 kg of TNT. With ANFO or ammonium nitrate, they would require 1.0/0.74 (or 1.35) kg or 1.0/0.32 (or 3.125) kg, respectively. Calculating a single RE factor for an explosive is, however, impossible. It depends on the specific case or use.
Professionals in construction, civil engineering, chemical engineering, and other technical disciplines, especially in the United States, may use the so-called English Engineering units, that include the pound (lb = 0.45359237 kg) as the unit of mass, the degree Fahrenheit or Rankine ( 5 / 9 K, about 0.55556 K) as the unit of temperature ...
Potential energy with respect to gravity, close to Earth, per unit mass: gh, where g is the acceleration due to gravity (standardized as ≈9.8 m/s 2) and h is the height above the reference level (giving J/kg when g is in m/s 2 and h is in m).
The specific heat capacities of iron, granite, and hydrogen gas are about 449 J⋅kg −1 ⋅K −1, 790 J⋅kg −1 ⋅K −1, and 14300 J⋅kg −1 ⋅K −1, respectively. [4] While the substance is undergoing a phase transition , such as melting or boiling, its specific heat capacity is technically undefined, because the heat goes into ...
In the SI system (expressing the ratio E / m in joules per kilogram using the value of c in metres per second): [35] E / m = c 2 = (299 792 458 m/s) 2 = 89 875 517 873 681 764 J/kg (≈ 9.0 × 10 16 joules per kilogram). So the energy equivalent of one kilogram of mass is 89.9 petajoules; 25.0 billion kilowatt-hours (≈ 25,000 ...
The Boltzmann constant (k B or k) is the proportionality factor that relates the average relative thermal energy of particles in a gas with the thermodynamic temperature of the gas. [2] It occurs in the definitions of the kelvin (K) and the gas constant , in Planck's law of black-body radiation and Boltzmann's entropy formula , and is used in ...
Temperature is a physical quantity that quantitatively expresses the attribute of hotness or coldness.Temperature is measured with a thermometer.It reflects the average kinetic energy of the vibrating and colliding atoms making up a substance.
Conversion of units is the conversion of the unit of measurement in which a quantity is expressed, typically through a multiplicative conversion factor that changes the unit without changing the quantity. This is also often loosely taken to include replacement of a quantity with a corresponding quantity that describes the same physical property.