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Similarly, 'ultra-poverty' is defined by a 2007 report issued by International Food Policy Research Institute as living on less than 54 cents per day. [21] The poverty line threshold of $1.90 per day, as set by the World Bank, is controversial.
According to Russia's State Statistics Service (Rosstat), Russia's poverty statistics equaled 14.3%, or 20.9 million people versus 13.9%, or 20.4 million people, in the first three months of 2018. [54] The causes of poverty in Russia are complex: a shrinking economy, inflation, falling oil prices and in a rise in "consumer prices".
Research also indicates that areas of concentrated poverty can have effects beyond the neighborhood in question, affecting surrounding neighborhoods not classified as "high-poverty" and subsequently limiting their overall economic potential and social cohesion. Concentrated poverty is a global phenomenon, with prominent examples world-wide. [3]
Mink, Gwendolyn, and Alice O'Connor, eds. Poverty in the United States: An Encyclopedia of History, Politics, and Policy (ABC-CLIO 2004). Patterson, James T. (2000) America's Struggle against Poverty in the Twentieth Century (Harvard UP, 2000) online. Prasad, Monica (2012). The Land of Too Much: American Abundance and the Paradox of Poverty.
Brian Nolan and Christopher T. Whelan of the Economic and Social Research Institute (ESRI) in Ireland explained that "poverty has to be seen in terms of the standard of living of the society in question." [49] Relative poverty measures are used as official poverty rates by the European Union, UNICEF and the OECD. The main poverty line used in ...
As a result of revisions in PPP exchange rates, poverty rates for individual countries cannot be compared with poverty rates reported in earlier editions." [11] "National poverty headcount ratio is the percentage of the population living below the national poverty line(s). National estimates are based on population-weighted subgroup estimates ...
When poverty is prescribed agency, poverty becomes something that happens to people. Poverty absorbs people into itself and the people, in turn, become a part of poverty, devoid of their human characteristics. In the same way, poverty, according to Green, is viewed as an object in which all social relations (and persons involved) are obscured.
The United States, in contrast, uses an absolute poverty measure. The US poverty line was created in 1963–64 and was based on the dollar costs of the U.S. Department of Agriculture's "economy food plan" multiplied by a factor of three. The multiplier was based on research showing that food costs then accounted for about one-third of money income.
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