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The general structure of an enamine. An enamine is an unsaturated compound derived by the condensation of an aldehyde or ketone with a secondary amine. [1] [2] Enamines are versatile intermediates. [3] [4] Condensation to give an enamine. [5] The word "enamine" is derived from the affix en-, used as the suffix of alkene, and the root amine.
In organic chemistry, the Mannich reaction is a three-component organic reaction that involves the amino alkylation of an acidic proton next to a carbonyl (C=O) functional group by formaldehyde (H−CHO) and a primary or secondary amine (−NH 2) or ammonia (NH 3). [1] The final product is a β-amino-carbonyl compound also known as a Mannich base.
The term "imine" was coined in 1883 by the German chemist Albert Ladenburg. [6] Usually imines refer to compounds with the general formula R 2 C=NR, as discussed below. [7] In the older literature, imine refers to the aza-analogue of an epoxide. Thus, ethylenimine is the three-membered ring species aziridine C 2 H 4 NH. [8]
The intermediate imine can be isolated or reacted in-situ with a suitable reducing agent (e.g., sodium borohydride) to produce the amine product. [2] Intramolecular reductive amination can also occur to afford a cyclic amine product if the amine and carbonyl are on the same molecule of starting material.
Amine. In chemistry, amines (/ ə ˈ m iː n, ˈ æ m iː n /, [1] [2] UK also / ˈ eɪ m iː n / [3]) are compounds and functional groups that contain a basic nitrogen atom with a lone pair.Formally, amines are derivatives of ammonia (NH 3), wherein one or more hydrogen atoms have been replaced by a substituent such as an alkyl or aryl group [4] (these may respectively be called alkylamines ...
The −OH group is replaced by an −NH 2 group and the =O group is replaced by =N R, giving amidines the general structure R n E(=NR)NR 2. [ 10 ] [ 11 ] [ 12 ] When the parent oxoacid is a carboxylic acid , the resulting amidine is a carboxamidine or carboximidamide ( IUPAC name).
List [2] et al. theorize in their study that this restriction is primarily in the carboxylic-acid group next to the enamine attachment, which can stabilize the imine product. List also expands upon the role of the imine by listing its ratio with the aldehyde to be 1 using 1 H-NMR methods, indicating that the Michael Addition is rate-determining ...
General structure of an imine. Schiff bases are imines in which R 3 is an alkyl or aryl group (not a hydrogen). R 1 and R 2 may be hydrogens General structure of an azomethine compound. In organic chemistry, a Schiff base (named after Hugo Schiff) is a compound with the general structure R 1 R 2 C=NR 3 (R 3 = alkyl or aryl, but not hydrogen).