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The roles of non-coding RNAs: Ribonucleoproteins are shown in red, non-coding RNAs in blue. A non-coding RNA (ncRNA) is a functional RNA molecule that is not translated into a protein. The DNA sequence from which a functional non-coding RNA is transcribed is often called an RNA gene.
Non-structural Protein 6 (NSP6) is one of the two non-structural proteins that gene 11 in rotavirus encodes for alongside NSP5. [1] It is a putative transmembrane domain protein. [2] NSP6 is composed of six transmembrane domains and a C terminal tail. [3]
Some non-coding DNA is transcribed into functional non-coding RNA molecules (e.g. transfer RNA, microRNA, piRNA, ribosomal RNA, and regulatory RNAs). Other functional regions of the non-coding DNA fraction include regulatory sequences that control gene expression; scaffold attachment regions; origins of DNA replication; centromeres; and telomeres.
Horizontal gene transfer was first observed in 1928, in Frederick Griffith's experiment: showing that virulence was able to pass from virulent to non-virulent strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae, Griffith demonstrated that genetic information can be horizontally transferred between bacteria via a mechanism known as transformation. [2]
In virology, a nonstructural protein is a protein encoded by a virus but that is not part of the viral particle. [1] They typically include the various enzymes and transcription factors the virus uses to replicate itself, such as a viral protease (3CL/nsp5, etc.), an RNA replicase or other template-directed polymerases, and some means to control the host.
Gene transfer agents, like defective prophages, arise by mutation of prophages, but they retain functional genes for the head and tail components of the phage particle (structural genes) and the genes for DNA packaging.
Non-LTR retrotransposons use a target-primed reverse transcription (TPRT) process, which requires the RNA of the TE to be brought to the cleavage site of the retrotransposon’s integrase, where it is reverse transcribed. In contrast, LTR retrotransposons undergo reverse transcription in the cytoplasm, utilizing two rounds of template switching ...
Transfer-messenger RNA (abbreviated tmRNA, also known as 10Sa RNA and by its genetic name SsrA) is a bacterial RNA molecule with dual tRNA-like and messenger RNA-like properties. The tmRNA forms a ribonucleoprotein complex ( tmRNP ) together with Small Protein B ( SmpB ), Elongation Factor Tu ( EF-Tu ), and ribosomal protein S1.