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HyperLogLog is an algorithm for the count-distinct problem, approximating the number of distinct elements in a multiset. [1] Calculating the exact cardinality of the distinct elements of a multiset requires an amount of memory proportional to the cardinality, which is impractical for very large data sets. Probabilistic cardinality estimators ...
Thus, the existence of duplicates does not affect the value of the extreme order statistics. There are other estimation techniques other than min/max sketches. The first paper on count-distinct estimation [7] describes the Flajolet–Martin algorithm, a bit pattern sketch. In this case, the elements are hashed into a bit vector and the sketch ...
The Borda count has been proposed as a rank aggregation method in information retrieval, in which documents are ranked according to multiple criteria and the resulting rankings are then combined into a composite ranking. In this method, the ranking criteria are treated as voters, and the aggregate ranking is the result of applying the Borda ...
Ordinary least squares regression of Okun's law.Since the regression line does not miss any of the points by very much, the R 2 of the regression is relatively high.. In statistics, the coefficient of determination, denoted R 2 or r 2 and pronounced "R squared", is the proportion of the variation in the dependent variable that is predictable from the independent variable(s).
Pearson's correlation coefficient is the covariance of the two variables divided by the product of their standard deviations. The form of the definition involves a "product moment", that is, the mean (the first moment about the origin) of the product of the mean-adjusted random variables; hence the modifier product-moment in the name.
—which is the probability density function for the log-normal distribution. We then compare the AIC value of the normal model against the AIC value of the log-normal model. For misspecified model, Takeuchi's Information Criterion (TIC) might be more appropriate. However, TIC often suffers from instability caused by estimation errors. [27]
From January 2008 to June 2012, if you bought shares in companies when James J. O'Connor joined the board, and sold them when he left, you would have a -37.5 percent return on your investment, compared to a -9.8 percent return from the S&P 500.
In decision theory, the weighted sum model (WSM), [1] [2] also called weighted linear combination (WLC) [3] or simple additive weighting (SAW), [4] is the best known and simplest multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) / multi-criteria decision making method for evaluating a number of alternatives in terms of a number of decision criteria.