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The majority of women with an intact uterus will develop endometrial hyperplasia within a few years of estrogen treatment even with mere replacement dosages of estrogen if a progestogen is not taken concomitantly. [25] The addition of a progestogen to estrogen abolishes the increase in risk. [26]
A number of studies have also found that the combined effects of estrogen/androgen replacement therapy can increase libido and arousal over estrogen alone. [22] Tibolone, a synthetic steroid with estrogenic, androgenic, and progestogenic properties that is available in Europe, has the ability to improve mood, libido, and physical symptomatology ...
It contains ethinylestradiol, an estrogen, and etonogestrel, a progestin. [2] It is used by insertion into the vagina. [1] Pregnancy occurs in about 0.3% of women with perfect use and 9% of women with typical use. [3] Common side effects include irregular vaginal bleeding, nausea, sore breasts, vaginitis, mood changes, and headache. [4]
Birth control pills can also impact estrogen levels, especially when you first start out, but doctors typically monitor your dosage to avoid potential spikes, adds Dr. Guichard. Weight
Side effects of estradiol cypionate include breast tenderness, breast enlargement, nausea, headache, and fluid retention. [ 14 ] [ 8 ] Estradiol cypionate is an estrogen and hence is an agonist of the estrogen receptor , the biological target of estrogens like estradiol .
In transgender women, estradiol valerate given by intramuscular injection is usually used at a dosage of 5 to 20 mg, but up to 30 to 40 mg, once every 2 weeks. [30] [31] [29] Estradiol valerate has also been used at a dose of 10 to 40 mg by intramuscular injection to limit bleeding in women with hemorrhage due to dysfunctional uterine bleeding.
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