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The native peoples of the Pacific coast also make totem poles, a trait attributed to other tribes as well. In 2000 a land claim was settled between the Nisga'a people of British Columbia and the provincial government, resulting in the return of over 2,000 square kilometres of land to the Nisga'a.
Ottawa, the name of Canada's capital city, comes from the Algonquin language term adawe, meaning 'to trade'. [164] Modern youth groups, such as Scouts Canada and the Girl Guides of Canada, include programs based largely on Indigenous lore, arts and crafts, character building and outdoor camp craft and living. [165]
Clyde River (Kangiqtugaapik, ᑲᖏᖅᑐᒑᐱᒃ) Coral Harbour (Salliit, ᓴᓪᓖᑦ) Gjoa Haven (Uqsuqtuuq, ᐅᖅᓱᖅᑑᖅ) Grise Fiord (Aujuittuq, ᐊᐅᔪᐃᑦᑐᖅ) Igloolik (Iglulik, ᐃᒡᓗᓕᒃ) Iqaluit (territorial capital) (ᐃᖃᓗᐃᑦ) Kimmirut (ᑭᒻᒥᕈᑦ) Kinngait (ᑭᙵᐃᑦ)
There are only three actual Indian reserves in the Northwest Territories, Hay River Dene 1, Salt River 195 and Salt Plains 195. All other places are Indian settlements. The Smith's Landing First Nation is, according to INAC, headquartered in the NWT but are listed as an Alberta First Nations.
The parallel term Native Canadian is not commonly used, but Native (in English) and Autochtone (in Canadian French; from the Greek auto, own, and chthon, land) are. Under the Royal Proclamation of 1763, [22] also known as the "Indian Magna Carta," [23] the Crown referred to Indigenous peoples in British territory as tribes or nations.
This map shows the Seven Nations on the eve of the Seven Years' War. Native and French communities formed a patchwork along the St. Lawrence River. The French communities were a single political entity. The Native American communities each had its own government, connected with the French by geography and by formal and informal agreements. [5]
This is a list of First Nation reserves in Canada which have over 500 people, listed in order of population from data collected during the 2006 Census of Canada, unless otherwise cited from Aboriginal Affairs. [1] Approximately 40% of First Nations people live on federally recognized Indian reserves. [2]
Treaty 6 is between Canada and the Plains Cree and allied bands, with the main signings occurring from 1876 to 1879 with many later additions, and covers the area of central Alberta. Treaty 7 involves the member tribes of Blackfoot Confederacy as well as the Stoney and was signed in 1877 and covers southern Alberta.
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