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Classification of brainstem gliomas by MRI appearance. Histopathology of a brainstem glioma. A brainstem glioma is a cancerous glioma tumor in the brainstem.Around 75% are diagnosed in children and young adults under the age of twenty, but have been known to affect older adults as well. [1]
The most common brain tumor types in children (0–14) are: pilocytic astrocytoma, malignant glioma, medulloblastoma, neuronal and mixed neuronal-glial tumors, and ependymoma. [106] In children under 2, about 70% of brain tumors are medulloblastomas, ependymomas, and low-grade gliomas.
Medulloblastoma is the second-most frequent brain tumor in children after pilocytic astrocytoma [37] and the most common malignant brain tumor in children, comprising 14.5% of newly diagnosed brain tumors. [38] In adults, medulloblastoma is rare, comprising fewer than 2% of CNS malignancies. [39]
Removal of tumor tissues helps decrease the pressure of the tumor on nearby parts of the brain. [17] The main goal of surgery is to remove as much as possible of the tumor mass while preserving normal brain function, and to relieve the symptoms caused by the tumor such as headache, nausea and vomiting. [18]
The symptoms of brain stem tumors vary greatly and can include ataxia, cranial nerve palsy, headaches, problems with speech and swallowing, hearing loss, weakness, hemiparesis, vision abnormalities, ptosis, and behavioral changes. Another possible symptom is vomiting.
Researchers have uncovered a recent, perplexing increase in brain infections and abscesses in kids and teens. These rare and life-threatening conditions can be complications of severe sinus ...
For children experiencing seizures, an EEG might be part of the diagnostic process (the goal being to record the brain's electrical activity in order to identify and localize seizure activity). Finally, a biopsy of the tumor, taken through a needle during a simple surgical procedure, helps to confirm the diagnosis.
Pilocytic astrocytoma (and its variant pilomyxoid astrocytoma) is a brain tumor that occurs most commonly in children and young adults (in the first 20 years of life). They usually arise in the cerebellum, near the brainstem, in the hypothalamic region, or the optic chiasm, but they may occur in any area where astrocytes are present, including the cerebral hemispheres and the spinal cord.