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  2. Hydrodealkylation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrodealkylation

    Hydrodealkylation is a chemical reaction that often involves reacting an aromatic hydrocarbon, such as toluene, in the presence of hydrogen gas to form a simpler aromatic hydrocarbon devoid of functional groups. An example is the conversion of 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene to xylene. [1]

  3. Alkane metathesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkane_metathesis

    These systems catalyze the conversion of ethane to give methane, propane and traces of butane. [1] Cross metathesis can also take place, for example methane and propane can react to give two molecules of ethane. Ethane reacts with toluene to give ethylbenzene and xylene. The reaction involves metallocyclobutane intermediates just as in olefin ...

  4. Carbon–hydrogen bond activation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon–hydrogen_bond...

    The first C–H activation reaction is often attributed to Otto Dimroth, who in 1902, reported that benzene reacted with mercury(II) acetate (See: organomercury). Many electrophilic metal centers undergo this Friedel-Crafts-like reaction. Joseph Chatt observed the addition of C-H bonds of naphthalene by Ru(0) complexes. [3]

  5. Catalytic reforming - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalytic_reforming

    A side reaction is hydrogenolysis, which produces light hydrocarbons of lower value, such as methane, ethane, propane and butanes. Continuous Catalytic reforming (CCR) unit In addition to a gasoline blending stock, reformate is the main source of aromatic bulk chemicals such as benzene , toluene , xylene and ethylbenzene , which have diverse ...

  6. Van der Waals constants (data page) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Van_der_Waals_constants...

    To convert from / to /, divide by 1000. a (L ... Benzene: 18.24 0.1193 Bromobenzene: 28.94 0.1539 ... Ethane: 5.562 0.0638 Ethanethiol: 11.39 0.08098

  7. Buchner ring expansion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buchner_ring_expansion

    The reaction mechanism of a Buchner ring expansion begins with carbene formation from ethyl-diazoacetate generated initially through photochemical or thermal reactions with extrusion of nitrogen. carbene mechanism. The generated carbene adds to one of the double bonds of benzene to form the cyclopropane ring. carbene insertion

  8. Transalkylation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transalkylation

    The reaction is used for the transfer of methyl and ethyl groups between benzene rings. This is of particular value in the petrochemical industry [1] to manufacture p-xylene, styrene, [2] and other aromatic compounds. Motivation for using transalkylation reactions is based on a difference in production and demand for benzene, toluene, and xylenes.

  9. Hydroformylation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydroformylation

    Hydroformylation of an alkene (R 1 to R 3 organyl groups (i. e. alkyl-or aryl group) or hydrogen). In organic chemistry, hydroformylation, also known as oxo synthesis or oxo process, is an industrial process for the production of aldehydes (R−CH=O) from alkenes (R 2 C=CR 2).