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An aviation biofuel (also known as bio-jet fuel, [1] sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) or bio-aviation fuel (BAF) [2]) is a biofuel used to power aircraft. The International Air Transport Association (IATA) considers it a key element in reducing the environmental impact of aviation . [ 3 ]
Under EU law, it has been possible to tax jet fuel nationally and between Member States since 2003. [4] However, as of August 2019, the only EU country to have done so is the Netherlands, which taxed commercial jet fuel from 2005-2011 on domestic flights only. [5]
Jet fuel is a mixture of a variety of hydrocarbons. Because the exact composition of jet fuel varies widely based on petroleum source, it is impossible to define jet fuel as a ratio of specific hydrocarbons. Jet fuel is therefore defined as a performance specification rather than a chemical compound. [1]
A KC-135 Stratotanker refuels an F-16 Fighting Falcon using a flying boom. Aerial refueling (), or aerial refuelling (), also referred to as air refueling, in-flight refueling (IFR), air-to-air refueling (AAR), and tanking, is the process of transferring aviation fuel from one aircraft (the tanker) to another (the receiver) while both aircraft are in flight.
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The aircraft has a 5.5+ ton maximum takeoff weight (MTOW), of which over 1,350 kg (2,980 lb) is payload. Akıncı is equipped with two turboprop engines of either 450 hp (460 PS ; 340 kW ) or 750 hp (760 PS; 560 kW), as well as electronic support and ECM systems, dual satellite communication systems, air-to-air radar, collision avoidance radar ...
The energy content of ethanol is 76,100 BTU/US gal (5.89 kilowatt-hours per litre), compared to 114,100 BTU/US gal (8.83 kWh/L) for gasoline. (see chart above) A flex-fuel vehicle will experience about 76% of the fuel mileage MPG when using E85 (85% ethanol) products as compared to 100% gasoline.
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