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Humans can produce some vitamins from precursors they consume: for example, vitamin A is synthesized from beta carotene; and niacin is synthesized from the amino acid tryptophan. [54] Vitamin C can be synthesized by some species but not by others. Vitamin B 12 is the only vitamin or nutrient not available from plant sources.
Vitamins occur in a variety of related forms known as vitamers. The vitamers of a given vitamin perform the functions of that vitamin and prevent symptoms of deficiency of that vitamin. Vitamins are those essential organic molecules that are not classified as amino acids or fatty acids.
The type of organism determines what nutrients it needs and how it obtains them. Organisms obtain nutrients by consuming organic matter, consuming inorganic matter, absorbing light, or some combination of these. Some can produce nutrients internally by consuming basic elements, while some must consume other organisms to obtain pre-existing ...
Vitamins can serve as precursors to many organic cofactors (e.g., vitamins B 1, B 2, B 6, B 12, niacin, folic acid) or as coenzymes themselves (e.g., vitamin C). However, vitamins do have other functions in the body. [29] Many organic cofactors also contain a nucleotide, such as the electron carriers NAD and FAD, and coenzyme A, which carries ...
Vitamin B6. Vitamin B6 helps regulate the immune system.It spurs the production of white blood cells and T-cells that help your body fight bacteria, viruses, and other harmful substances.
Many of these soluble fibers can be fermented or partially fermented by microbes in the human digestive system to produce short-chain fatty acids which are absorbed and therefore introduce some caloric content. [38] Whole grains, beans, and other legumes, fruits (especially plums, prunes, and figs), and vegetables are good sources of dietary fiber.
Vitamin B 12 is the most chemically complex of all vitamins, [6] and for humans the only vitamin that must be sourced from animal-derived foods or supplements. [ 2 ] [ 7 ] Only some archaea and bacteria can synthesize vitamin B 12 . [ 8 ]
When you buy a bottle of vitamins from a nutrition store, you’ll probably notice a best-by date on the bottom of the jar. But that inscribed number isn’t a hard-and-fast rule—there is some ...