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2. Systems programming - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systems_programming

   Systems programming, or system programming, is the activity of programming [1] computer system software.The primary distinguishing characteristic of systems programming when compared to application programming is that application programming aims to produce software which provides services to the user directly (e.g. word processor), whereas systems programming aims to produce software and ...

3. Operating system - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operating_system

   The operating system provides an interface between an application program and the computer hardware, so that an application program can interact with the hardware only by obeying rules and procedures programmed into the operating system. The operating system is also a set of services which simplify development and execution of application programs.

4. System programming language - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/System_programming_language

   A system programming language is a programming language used for system programming; such languages are designed for writing system software, which usually requires different development approaches when compared with application software. Edsger Dijkstra referred to these languages as machine oriented high order languages, or mohol. [1]

5. Object-oriented operating system - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Object-oriented_operating...

   An object-oriented operating system [1] is an operating system that is designed, structured, and operated using object-oriented programming principles. An object-oriented operating system is in contrast to an object-oriented user interface or programming framework , which can be run on a non-object-oriented operating system like DOS or Unix .

6. Computer programming - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_programming

   Portability: the range of computer hardware and operating system platforms on which the source code of a program can be compiled/interpreted and run. This depends on differences in the programming facilities provided by the different platforms, including hardware and operating system resources, expected behavior of the hardware and operating ...

7. Kernel (operating system) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kernel_(operating_system)

   A microkernel allows the implementation of the remaining part of the operating system as a normal application program written in a high-level language, and the use of different operating systems on top of the same unchanged kernel. It is also possible to dynamically switch among operating systems and to have more than one active simultaneously ...

8. Unix shell - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unix_shell

   On operating systems with a windowing system, such as macOS and desktop Linux distributions, some users may never use the shell directly. On Unix systems, the shell has historically been the implementation language of system startup scripts, including the program that starts a windowing system, configures networking, and many other essential ...

9. List of operating systems - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_operating_systems

   Operating system for Эльбрус-1 (Elbrus-1) and Эльбрус-2 – used for application, job control, system programming, [20] implemented in uЭль-76 (AL-76). Business Operating System (BOS) – developed to be ported across microcomputers.