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Examples of instance-based learning algorithms are the k-nearest neighbors algorithm, kernel machines and RBF networks. [2]: ch. 8 These store (a subset of) their training set; when predicting a value/class for a new instance, they compute distances or similarities between this instance and the training instances to make a decision.
For example, the center of a circle moves by the same amount as the circle when shifted. [6] A nonequivariant is a property whose value does not change predictably under a transformation. For example, transforming a circle into an ellipse means that its perimeter can no longer be computed as π times the diameter.
In pattern recognition, information retrieval, object detection and classification (machine learning), precision and recall are performance metrics that apply to data retrieved from a collection, corpus or sample space. Precision (also called positive predictive value) is the fraction of relevant instances among the retrieved instances. Written ...
More precisely, in multiple-instance learning, the training set consists of labeled "bags", each of which is a collection of unlabeled instances. A bag is positively labeled if at least one instance in it is positive, and is negatively labeled if all instances in it are negative. The goal of the MIL is to predict the labels of new, unseen bags.
A recursive neural network is a kind of deep neural network created by applying the same set of weights recursively over a structured input, to produce a structured prediction over variable-size input structures, or a scalar prediction on it, by traversing a given structure in topological order.
The name is a play on words based on the earlier concept of one-shot learning, in which classification can be learned from only one, or a few, examples. Zero-shot methods generally work by associating observed and non-observed classes through some form of auxiliary information, which encodes observable distinguishing properties of objects. [1]
In a feedforward network, information always moves in one direction; it never goes backwards. Simplified example of training a neural network for object detection: The network is trained on multiple images depicting either starfish or sea urchins , which are correlated with "nodes" that represent visual features .
Predictive learning is a machine learning (ML) technique where an artificial intelligence model is fed new data to develop an understanding of its environment, capabilities, and limitations. This technique finds application in many areas, including neuroscience , business , robotics , and computer vision .