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  2. Transcranial direct-current stimulation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcranial_direct...

    Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is a form of neuromodulation that uses constant, low direct current delivered via electrodes on the head. It was originally developed to help patients with brain injuries or neuropsychiatric conditions such as major depressive disorder .

  3. Electrical brain stimulation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_brain_stimulation

    Electrical brain stimulation (EBS), also referred to as focal brain stimulation (FBS), is a form of electrotherapy used as a technique in research and clinical neurobiology to stimulate a neuron or neural network in the brain through the direct or indirect excitation of its cell membrane by using an electric current.

  4. Electroconvulsive therapy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electroconvulsive_therapy

    However, only about 1% of the electrical current crosses the bony skull into the brain because skull impedance is about 100 times higher than skin impedance. [ 2 ] Aside from effects on the brain, the general physical risks of ECT are similar to those of brief general anesthesia .

  5. Transcranial magnetic stimulation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcranial_magnetic...

    Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a noninvasive form of brain stimulation in which a changing magnetic field is used to induce an electric current at a specific area of the brain through electromagnetic induction. An electric pulse generator, or stimulator, is connected to a magnetic coil connected to the scalp. The stimulator ...

  6. Biological neuron model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_neuron_model

    Electrical input–output membrane voltage models – These models produce a prediction for membrane output voltage as a function of electrical stimulation given as current or voltage input. The various models in this category differ in the exact functional relationship between the input current and the output voltage and in the level of detail.

  7. Excitatory synapse - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Excitatory_synapse

    There are two different kinds of synapses present within the human brain: chemical and electrical. Chemical synapses are by far the most prevalent and are the main player involved in excitatory synapses. Electrical synapses, the minority, allow direct, passive flow of electric current through special intercellular connections called gap ...

  8. Action potential - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Action_potential

    Electrical synapses allow for faster transmission because they do not require the slow diffusion of neurotransmitters across the synaptic cleft. Hence, electrical synapses are used whenever fast response and coordination of timing are crucial, as in escape reflexes, the retina of vertebrates, and the heart.

  9. Soliton model in neuroscience - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soliton_model_in_neuroscience

    The soliton model attempts to explain the electrical currents associated with the action potential as follows: the traveling soliton locally changes density and thickness of the membrane, and since the membrane contains many charged and polar substances, this will result in an electrical effect, akin to piezoelectricity.