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Hydrochloric acid, also known as muriatic acid or spirits of salt, is an aqueous solution of hydrogen chloride (HCl). It is a colorless solution with a distinctive pungent smell. It is classified as a strong acid. It is a component of the gastric acid in the digestive systems of most animal species, including humans.
Water-reactive substances [1] are those that spontaneously undergo a chemical reaction with water, often noted as generating flammable gas. [2] Some are highly reducing in nature. [ 3 ] Notable examples include alkali metals , lithium through caesium , and alkaline earth metals , magnesium through barium .
For example, copper is a rather unreactive metal, and has no reaction with concentrated hydrochloric acid. However, even dilute nitric acid can oxidize copper to Cu 2+ ions, with the nitrate ions acting as the effective oxidant: [1] 3 Cu + 8 HNO 3 → 3 Cu 2+ + 2 NO + 4 H 2 O + 6 NO − 3
This is the list of extremely hazardous substances defined in Section 302 of the U.S. Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act (42 U.S.C. § 11002).The list can be found as an appendix to 40 CFR 355. [1]
Hydrogen chloride forms corrosive hydrochloric acid on contact with water found in body tissue. Inhalation of the fumes can cause coughing , choking , inflammation of the nose, throat, and upper respiratory tract , and in severe cases, pulmonary edema , circulatory system failure, and death. [ 26 ]
Aqua regia (/ ˈ r eɪ ɡ i ə, ˈ r iː dʒ i ə /; from Latin, "regal water" or "royal water") is a mixture of nitric acid and hydrochloric acid, optimally in a molar ratio of 1:3. [ b ] Aqua regia is a fuming liquid.
Caustic ingestion occurs when someone accidentally or deliberately ingests a caustic or corrosive substance.Depending on the nature of the substance, the duration of exposure and other factors it can lead to varying degrees of damage to the oral mucosa, the esophagus, and the lining of the stomach.
For example, hydrochloric acid is a weak acid in solution in pure acetic acid, HO 2 CCH 3, which is more acidic than water. HO 2 CCH 3 + HCl ⇌ (HO) 2 CCH + 3 + Cl −. The extent of ionization of the hydrohalic acids decreases in the order HI > HBr > HCl. Acetic acid is said to be a differentiating solvent for the three acids, while water is ...