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The theory was rounded out by establishing that a Grothendieck topos was a category of sheaves, where now the word sheaf had acquired an extended meaning, since it involved a Grothendieck topology. The idea of a Grothendieck topology (also known as a site ) has been characterised by John Tate as a bold pun on the two senses of Riemann surface .
When used for foundational work a topos will be defined axiomatically; set theory is then treated as a special case of topos theory. Building from category theory, there are multiple equivalent definitions of a topos. The following has the virtue of being concise: A topos is a category that has the following two properties:
In mathematics, The fundamental theorem of topos theory states that the slice / of a topos over any one of its objects is itself a topos. Moreover, if there is a morphism f : A → B {\displaystyle f:A\rightarrow B} in E {\displaystyle \mathbf {E} } then there is a functor f ∗ : E / B → E / A {\displaystyle f^{*}:\mathbf {E} /B\rightarrow ...
Kleene, S. C. (1945). "On the interpretation of intuitionistic number theory". Journal of Symbolic Logic. 10 (4): 109–124. doi:10.2307/2269016. JSTOR 2269016. S2CID 40471120. Phoa, Wesley (1992). An introduction to fibrations, topos theory, the effective topos and modest sets (Technical report). Laboratory for Foundations of Computer Science ...
Higher Topos Theory covers two related topics: ∞-categories and ∞-topoi (which are a special case of the former). The first five of the book's seven chapters comprise a rigorous development of general ∞-category theory in the language of quasicategories, a special class of simplicial set which acts as a model for ∞-categories.
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The theory of "toposes as bridges" can be considered a meta-mathematical theory of the relations between different theories [11] and her program contributes to realizing the unifying potential of the notion of topos already glimpsed by Alexander Grothendieck. [12] Caramello organized international conferences in topos theory, "Topos à l'IHES ...
A theorem of Lurie [2] states that an ∞-category is an ∞-topos if and only if it satisfies an ∞-categorical version of Giraud's axioms in ordinary topos theory. A "topos" is a category behaving like the category of sheaves of sets on a topological space. In analogy, Lurie's definition and characterization theorem of an ∞-topos says that ...