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  2. Toxicology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toxicology

    Forensic toxicology is the discipline that makes use of toxicology and other disciplines such as analytical chemistry, pharmacology and clinical chemistry to aid medical or legal investigation of death, poisoning, and drug use. The primary concern for forensic toxicology is not the legal outcome of the toxicological investigation or the ...

  3. Pharmacotoxicology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmacotoxicology

    Drug-drug interactions can occur when certain drugs are administered at the same time. Effects of this can be additive (outcome is greater than those of one individual drug), less than additive (therapeutic effects are less than those of one individual drug), or functional alterations (one drug changes how another is absorbed, distributed, and ...

  4. Medical toxicology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_toxicology

    Medical toxicology is a subspecialty of medicine focusing on toxicology and providing the diagnosis, management, and prevention of poisoning and other adverse effects due to medications, occupational and environmental toxicants, and biological agents. [1]

  5. Pharmacology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharmacology

    Both pharmacology and toxicology are scientific disciplines that focus on understanding the properties and actions of chemicals. [23] However, pharmacology emphasizes the therapeutic effects of chemicals, usually drugs or compounds that could become drugs, whereas toxicology is the study of chemical's adverse effects and risk assessment. [23]

  6. Forensic toxicology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forensic_toxicology

    Forensic toxicology is a multidisciplinary field that combines the principles of toxicology with expertise in disciplines such as analytical chemistry, pharmacology and clinical chemistry to aid medical or legal investigation of death, poisoning, and drug use. [1]

  7. Route of administration - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Route_of_administration

    In pharmacology and toxicology, a route of administration is the way by which a drug, fluid, poison, or other substance is taken into the body. [ 1 ] Routes of administration are generally classified by the location at which the substance is applied.

  8. Clinical pharmacology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clinical_pharmacology

    Toxicology – the discipline that deals with the adverse effects of chemicals; Drug interactions – the study of how drugs interact with each other. A drug may negatively or positively affect the effects of another drug; drugs can also interact with other agents, such as foods, alcohol, and devices.

  9. No-observed-adverse-effect level - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/No-observed-adverse-effect...

    In toxicology it is specifically the highest tested dose or concentration of a substance (i.e. a drug or chemical) or agent (e.g. radiation), at which no such adverse effect is found in exposed test organisms where higher doses or concentrations resulted in an adverse effect. [3] [4] [5]