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Cancer in adolescents and young adults is cancer which occurs in those between the ages of 15 and 39. [1] This occurs in about 70,000 people a year in the United States—accounting for about 5 percent of cancers. This is about six times the number of cancers diagnosed in children ages 0–14. [1]
Adolescent and young adult oncology is a branch of medicine that deals with the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of cancer in adolescent and young adult (AYA) patients aged 16–40. Studies have continuously shown that while pediatric cancer survival rates have gone up, the survival rate for adolescents and young adults has remained stagnant.
Adolescent and young adult oncology (AYA): AYA is a branch of medicine that deals with the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of cancer in adolescents and young adults, often defined as those aged 13–30. Studies have continuously shown that while pediatric cancer survival rates have gone up, the survival rate for adolescents and young ...
The risk of cancer increases significantly with age, and many cancers occur more commonly in developed countries. [7] Rates of cancer are increasing, as more people live to an old age, and as lifestyle changes occur in the developing world. These changes will challenge health care in the decades to come.
The corresponding relative risk is 1.5 for lung cancer, [81] and 1.9 for prostate cancer. [82] For breast cancer, the relative risk is 1.8 with a first-degree relative having developed it at 50 years of age or older, and 3.3 when the relative developed it when being younger than 50 years of age. [83]
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In 2008, childhood cancer and cancer in adolescents was rare, at about 150 cases per million yearly in the US. In 2008, leukemia, usually acute lymphoblastic leukemia, was the most common cancer in children aged 1–14 in the U.S., followed by the central nervous system cancers, neuroblastoma, Wilms' tumor, and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. [20]
Despite known impact of cancer treatment on cognition, consistently reduced educational attainment among childhood cancer survivors hasn't been established. [2] These deficits have been shown to occur irrespective of age, socioeconomic status, months since onset or cessation of treatment, anxiety , and dosage schedule.