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Timing is important to wound healing. Critically, the timing of wound re-epithelialization can decide the outcome of the healing. [11] If the epithelization of tissue over a denuded area is slow, a scar will form over many weeks, or months; [12] [13] If the epithelization of a wounded area is fast, the healing will result in regeneration.
The repaired region contains an abnormally large number of collagenous fibers, and relatively few blood vessels. Damaged sweat and sebaceous glands, hair follicles, muscle cells, and nerves are seldom repaired. They are usually replaced by the fibrous tissue. The result is the formation of an inflexible, fibrous scar tissue.
Fibrosis can occur in many tissues within the body, typically as a result of inflammation or damage. Common sites of fibrosis include the lungs, liver, kidneys, brain, and heart: Micrograph showing cirrhosis of the liver. The tissue in this example is stained with a trichrome stain, in which fibrosis is colored blue.
In 1997, it was proven that wounds created with an instrument that are under 2mm can heal scar free, [8] but larger wounds that are larger than 2mm healed with a scar. [ 8 ] In 2013, it was proven in pig tissue that full thickness micro columns of tissue, less than 0.5mm in diameter could be removed and that the replacement tissue, was ...
Small full thickness wounds under 2mm reepithelize fast and heal scar free. [19] [20] Deep second-degree burns heal with scarring and hair loss. [2] Sweat glands do not form in scar tissue, which impairs the regulation of body temperature. [21] Elastic fibers are generally not detected in scar tissue younger than 3 months old. [22]
In advanced cases, scar tissue can be found in all layers of the nerve impairing blood flow and essential functions of various tissue types. [5] This is to say that scar tissue is fairly robust in its capability to injure nerves. It can do so through traction (fibrovascular attachments), compression (osteofibrous tunnels), or can be associated ...
Granulation tissue is composed of tissue matrix supporting a variety of cell types, [3] most of which can be associated with one of the following functions: formation of extracellular matrix; operation of the immune system; vascularisation; An excess of granulation tissue (caro luxurians) is informally referred to as "proud flesh". [4]
A hypertrophic scar is a cutaneous condition characterized by deposits of excessive amounts of collagen which gives rise to a raised scar, but not to the degree observed with keloids. [1] Like keloids, they form most often at the sites of pimples, body piercings , cuts and burns.
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