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The immune response to cancer can be categorized into the two main categories as discussed above: innate immunity and adaptive immunity. Innate immunity is the first line of defense against cancer. It consists of non-specific immune cells that can recognize and destroy abnormal cells, including cancer cells.
Leukocytosis is a condition in which the white cell count is above the normal range in the blood. [1] [2] It is frequently a sign of an inflammatory response, [3] most commonly the result of infection, but may also occur following certain parasitic infections or bone tumors as well as leukemia.
Cancer is a group of diseases involving abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body. [3] [4] Cancer can be difficult to diagnose because its signs and symptoms are often nonspecific, meaning they may be general phenomena that do not point directly to a specific disease process.
Systemic symptoms may occur due to the body's response to the cancer. This may include fatigue, unintentional weight loss, or skin changes. [33] Some cancers can cause a systemic inflammatory state that leads to ongoing muscle loss and weakness, known as cachexia. [34]
An autoimmune disease is a condition arising from an abnormal immune response to a normal body part. [5] There are at least 80 types of autoimmune diseases. [5] Nearly any body part can be involved. Common symptoms include low-grade fever and feeling tired. [5] Often symptoms come and go. [5]
In immunology, autoimmunity is the system of immune responses of an organism against its own healthy cells, tissues and other normal body constituents. [1] [2] Any disease resulting from this type of immune response is termed an "autoimmune disease".
[40] [9] Due to the prevalence of infection by H. pylori in middle-aged adults (74% in developing countries and 58% in developed countries in 2002 [41]), and 1% to 3% likelihood of infected individuals developing gastric cancer, [42] H. pylori-induced gastric cancer is the third highest cause of worldwide cancer mortality as of 2018.
The greatest risk period for the occurrence of infection is in the initial few months after the start of new drug therapy, since many drug therapies further suppress the normal immune response. [31] Infections (and "adverse events" for all diseases) are graded by a standardized scale. [32]