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South India in Sangam Period. In Old Tamil language, the term Tamilakam (Tamiḻakam, Purananuru 168. 18) referred to the whole of the ancient Tamil-speaking area, [web 1] corresponding roughly to the area known as southern India today, consisting of the territories of the present-day Indian states of Tamil Nadu, Kerala, parts of Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka.
In this period the earliest extant works of Tamil literature were written (also known as Sangam literature), dealing with love, war, governance, trade and bereavement. [4] [5] The name Sangam and the associated legends probably derive from a much later period. [6] [7] "Sangam" is aso known as koodal (Tamil: கூடல்) or "gathering".
Sangam literature, a collection of Tamil literature and the earliest period of South Indian history, when the Tamil Sangams were held Sangama dynasty , the first dynasty of the Vijayanagara Empire (c. 1336–1485)
Sangam refers to the assembly of the highly learned people of the ancient Tamil land, with the primary aim of advancing the literature. There were historically three Sangams. There were historically three Sangams.
Hinduism, in particular Vaishnavism and Shaivism, was the predominant religion in ancient Tamilakam.The Sangam period in Tamilakam (c. 600 BCE–300 CE) was characterized by the coexistence of many denominations and religions: Vaishnavism, Shaivism, Ajivika and later joined by Buddhism and Jainism alongside the folk religion of the Tamil people.
Tieken's methodology of dating Sangam works has been criticized by Hart, [18] Ferro-Luzzi, [19] and Monius. [20] Robert Caldwell, a 19th-century linguist, dates the Sangam works to a period that he calls the Jaina cycle which was not earlier than the 8th century; he does not offer an opinion on the historical value of the poems. [21]
Period Events c. 300 BCE–200 CE: The Sangam age begins, during which the books of Sangam literature are written. [14] c. 300 BCE: Greek ethnographer Megasthenes describes Madurai as the capital of the Pandya dynasty. [15] [16] c. 250 BCE: Ashoka's inscription recording the four kingdoms (Chera, Cholas, Pandya and Satyaputra) of the ancient ...
During the Sangam age, 700 BCE – 100 CE, agriculture was the main vocation of the Tamil. [1] It was considered a necessity for life, and hence was treated as the foremost among all occupations. The farmers or the Ulavar were placed right at the top of the social classification. As they were the producers of food grains, they lived with self ...