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Afro-Peruvian music, Black Peruvian Music, Música afroperuana, or Música negra, is a type of Latin American music first developed in Peru by enslaved black people from West Africa, where it is known as Festejo. The genre is a mix of West African and Spanish music.
Afro-Peruvian music was performed only in Afro-Peruvian communities to help create and maintain Afro-Peruvian identity and strengthen social bonds. However, globalization has brought those communities closer to the outside world that Afro-Peruvians started to market their songs to non Afro-Peruvian audiences. Therefore, the music genres ...
There are theories of the origin of this genre. According to the Peruvian reciter and ethnomusicologist Nicomedes Santa Cruz (1925-1992), the word "landó" derives from ondú, an African dance. It is also suggested that the landó comes from the Brazilian dance lundu. Likewise, the term "landó" is hardly found in the literature of the time of ...
Victoria Eugenia Santa Cruz Gamarra (27 October 1922 – August 30, 2014) [1] was an Afro-Peruvian choreographer, composer and activist.. Victoria Santa Cruz would go on to be called "the mother of Afro Peruvian dance and theatre."
Landó—An Afro-Peruvian compound 3/4-12/8 dance rhythm. Marinera—An Afro-Peruvian 6/8 dance rhythm. Polka—A 2/4 European-in-origin dance form. Sikuri—A dance rhythm from the Andean Altiplano in southern Peru and western Bolivia. Son de los Diablos; Tondero—A northwestern Peruvian 6/8 dance form. Zamacueca—A 6/8 Afro-Peruvian dance form.
"Toro Mata" is a song influenced by Afro-Peruvian musical styles (this song is classified as a landó), and over the years, has become a popular anthem for Peru.A dance of "Toro Mata" also developed, which mocks and parodies the stylized waltzes of European Conquistadores.
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The Son de los Diablos is an Afro-Peruvian dance that developed as a mixture between African, Spanish, and Amerindian rhythms. Nicomedes Santa Cruz explains that, despite popular opinion, the Son de los Diablos has no links with African rituals or with the Andean Morenada, but rather it has a very slight similarity with the Diabladas of Oruro ().