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  2. Soil carbon - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_carbon

    Soil carbon is present in two forms: inorganic and organic. Soil inorganic carbon consists of mineral forms of carbon, either from weathering of parent material, or from reaction of soil minerals with atmospheric CO 2. Carbonate minerals are the dominant form of soil carbon in desert climates. Soil organic carbon is present as soil organic matter.

  3. Environmental impact of mining - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_mining

    Sand mining and gravel mining creates large pits and fissures in the earth's surface. At times, mining can extend so deeply that it affects ground water, springs, underground wells, and the water table. [107] The major threats of sand mining activities include channel bed degradation, river formation and erosion. [108]

  4. Soil organic matter - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_organic_matter

    The pool of organic carbon exists in dynamic equilibrium between gains and losses; soil may therefore serve as either a sink or source of carbon through carbon sequestration or greenhouse gas emissions, respectively, depending on exogenous factors.

  5. Physical properties of soil - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical_properties_of_soil

    When the organic component of a soil is substantial, the soil is called organic soil rather than mineral soil. A soil is called organic if: Mineral fraction is 0% clay and organic matter is 20% or more; Mineral fraction is 0% to 50% clay and organic matter is between 20% and 30%; Mineral fraction is 50% or more clay and organic matter 30% or ...

  6. Health and environmental impact of the coal industry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_and_environmental...

    The removal of vegetative cover and activities associated with the construction of haul roads, stockpiling of topsoil, displacement of overburden and hauling of soil and coal increase the quantity of dust around mining operations. Dust degrades air quality in the immediate area, has an adverse impact on vegetative life, and constitutes health ...

  7. Gold extraction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gold_extraction

    Gold extraction is the extraction of gold from dilute ores using a combination of chemical processes. Gold mining produces about 3600 tons annually, [1] and another 300 tons is produced from recycling. [2] Since the 20th century, gold has been principally extracted in a cyanide process by leaching the ore with cyanide solution.

  8. Carbon sequestration - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_sequestration

    Following carbon dioxide (CO2) absorption from the atmosphere, plants deposit organic matter into the soil. [23] This organic matter, derived from decaying plant material and root systems, is rich in carbon compounds. Microorganisms in the soil break down this organic matter, and in the process, some of the carbon becomes further stabilized in ...

  9. Sand mining - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sand_mining

    Sand pit along the Mississippi River, United States Artificial lake with frac sand dredger. Sand mining is the extraction of sand, mainly through an open pit (or sand pit) [1] [failed verification] [2] but sometimes mined from beaches and inland dunes or dredged from ocean and river beds. [3]