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  2. Streamlines, streaklines, and pathlines - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streamlines,_streaklines...

    In the aircraft example, the observer on the ground will observe unsteady flow, and the observers in the aircraft will observe steady flow, with constant streamlines. When possible, fluid dynamicists try to find a reference frame in which the flow is steady, so that they can use experimental methods of creating streaklines to identify the ...

  3. Lagrangian and Eulerian specification of the flow field

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lagrangian_and_Eulerian...

    File:Lagrangian vs Eulerian [further explanation needed] Eulerian perspective of fluid velocity versus Lagrangian depiction of strain.. In classical field theories, the Lagrangian specification of the flow field is a way of looking at fluid motion where the observer follows an individual fluid parcel as it moves through space and time.

  4. Fluid dynamics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluid_dynamics

    In physics, physical chemistry and engineering, fluid dynamics is a subdiscipline of fluid mechanics that describes the flow of fluids – liquids and gases.It has several subdisciplines, including aerodynamics (the study of air and other gases in motion) and hydrodynamics (the study of water and other liquids in motion).

  5. Stream function - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stream_function

    Because = everywhere (e.g., see In terms of vector rotation), each streamline corresponds to the intersection of a particular stream surface and a particular horizontal plane. Consequently, in three dimensions, unambiguous identification of any particular streamline requires that one specify corresponding values of both the stream function and ...

  6. Bernoulli's principle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernoulli's_principle

    Example 3.5 and p.116 The following assumptions must be met for this Bernoulli equation to apply: [2]: 265 the flow must be steady, that is, the flow parameters (velocity, density, etc.) at any point cannot change with time, the flow must be incompressible—even though pressure varies, the density must remain constant along a streamline;

  7. Euler equations (fluid dynamics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euler_equations_(fluid...

    On the other hand, the compressible Euler equations form a quasilinear hyperbolic system of conservation equations. The Euler equations can be formulated in a "convective form" (also called the "Lagrangian form") or a "conservation form" (also called the "Eulerian form"). The convective form emphasizes changes to the state in a frame of ...

  8. Quantum metrology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_metrology

    where is the initial state of the system and is the Hamiltonian of the system. θ {\displaystyle \theta } is estimated based on measurements on ϱ ( θ ) . {\displaystyle \varrho (\theta ).} Typically, the system is composed of many particles, and the Hamiltonian is a sum of single-particle terms

  9. Flow measurement - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flow_measurement

    This is the most commonly used measurement system for measuring water supply in houses. The fluid, most commonly water, enters in one side of the meter and strikes the nutating disk, which is eccentrically mounted. The disk must then "wobble" or nutate about the vertical axis, since the bottom and the top of the disk remain in contact with the ...