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  2. Soil microbiology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_Microbiology

    Soil microbiology is the study of microorganisms in soil, their functions, and how they affect soil properties. [1] It is believed that between two and four billion years ago, the first ancient bacteria and microorganisms came about on Earth's oceans.

  3. Soil ecology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_ecology

    Soil microbial communities experience shifts in the diversity and composition during dehydration and rehydration cycles. [5] Soil moisture affects carbon cycling a phenomenon known as Birch effect. [6] [7] Temperature variations in soil are influenced by factors such as seasonality, environmental conditions, vegetation, and soil composition.

  4. Soil health - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_health

    Soil health is a state of a soil meeting its range of ecosystem functions as appropriate to its environment. In more colloquial terms, the health of soil arises from favorable interactions of all soil components (living and non-living) that belong together, as in microbiota , plants and animals.

  5. Biological soil crust - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_soil_crust

    The type of soil and its texture is also a major determining factor in the biological soil crust's relationship with water retention and filtration. Soils with a large presence of sand (less soil and clay) have high levels of water retention in their surface levels but have limited downward movement of the water.

  6. Soil biology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_biology

    The soil is home to a large proportion of the world's biodiversity.The links between soil organisms and soil functions are complex. The interconnectedness and complexity of this soil 'food web' means any appraisal of soil function must necessarily take into account interactions with the living communities that exist within the soil.

  7. Soil - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil

    Soil water content can be measured as volume or weight. Soil moisture levels, in order of decreasing water content, are saturation, field capacity, wilting point, air dry, and oven dry. Field capacity describes a drained wet soil at the point water content reaches equilibrium with gravity. Irrigating soil above field capacity risks percolation ...

  8. Soil respiration - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_respiration

    Soil respiration refers to the production of carbon dioxide when soil organisms respire. This includes respiration of plant roots, the rhizosphere, microbes and fauna.. Soil respiration is a key ecosystem process that releases carbon from the soil in the form of CO 2.

  9. Organisms involved in water purification - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organisms_involved_in...

    Saprophytic bacteria and fungi can convert organic matter into living cell mass, carbon dioxide, water and a range of metabolic by-products. These saprophytic organisms may then be predated upon by protozoa , rotifers and, in cleaner waters, Bryozoa which consume suspended organic particles including viruses and pathogenic bacteria.