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Reinforcement learning (RL) is an interdisciplinary area of machine learning and optimal control concerned with how an intelligent agent should take actions in a dynamic environment in order to maximize a reward signal. Reinforcement learning is one of the three basic machine learning paradigms, alongside supervised learning and unsupervised ...
DeepMind researchers have analogized it to the human behavior of finding a "shortcut" when being evaluated: "In the real world, when rewarded for doing well on a homework assignment, a student might copy another student to get the right answers, rather than learning the material—and thus exploit a loophole in the task specification."
In reinforcement learning (RL), a model-free algorithm is an algorithm which does not estimate the transition probability distribution (and the reward function) associated with the Markov decision process (MDP), [1] which, in RL, represents the problem to be solved. The transition probability distribution (or transition model) and the reward ...
The reward system (the mesocorticolimbic circuit) is a group of neural structures responsible for incentive salience (i.e., "wanting"; desire or craving for a reward and motivation), associative learning (primarily positive reinforcement and classical conditioning), and positively-valenced emotions, particularly ones involving pleasure as a core component (e.g., joy, euphoria and ecstasy).
Proximal policy optimization (PPO) is a reinforcement learning (RL) algorithm for training an intelligent agent's decision function to accomplish difficult tasks. PPO was developed by John Schulman in 2017, [1] and had become the default RL algorithm at the US artificial intelligence company OpenAI. [2]
Imitation learning is a paradigm in reinforcement learning, where an agent learns to perform a task by supervised learning from expert demonstrations. It is also called learning from demonstration and apprenticeship learning .
In more complex RL situations than the MAB problem, the agent can treat each choice as a MAB, where the payoff is the expected future reward. For example, if the agent performs epsilon-greedy method, then the agent would often "pull the best lever" by picking the action that had the best predicted expected reward (exploit).
The mountain car problem, although fairly simple, is commonly applied because it requires a reinforcement learning agent to learn on two continuous variables: position and velocity. For any given state (position and velocity) of the car, the agent is given the possibility of driving left, driving right, or not using the engine at all.