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Balanos oil is a semidrying oil pressed from the seeds of Balanites aegyptiaca; it was used in Ancient Egypt as the base for perfumes. [citation needed]The fact that perfumes are absorbed and retained by oils and fats was known in Egypt, Africa, China and India at an early date, and later to the Greeks, Koreans, Japanese and Romans; it was the basis of perfume-making in the ancient world, and ...
The oil also includes various other ketones such as cyclopentadecanone, cyclohexadecanone, cycloheptadecanone, and 6-cis-cycloheptadecenone. The animal scent is reinforced by the presence of smaller amounts of indole and skatole , which in African civet are present at a concentration of about 1%.
The word 'attar' is believed to have been derived from the Persian word itir, [3] which is in turn derived from the Arabic word 'itr (عطر), meaning 'perfume'. [4] [5]The earliest recorded mention of the techniques and methods used to produce essential oils is believed to be that of Ibn al-Baitar (1188–1248), an Al-Andalusian (Muslim Iberia) physician, pharmacist and chemist.
Aromatherapy is a practice based on the use of aromatic materials, including essential oils and other aroma compounds, with claims for improving psychological well-being. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] It is used as a complementary therapy or as a form of alternative medicine , and typically is used via inhalation and not by ingestion.
The first cosmetics appeared 5,000 years ago in Egypt. To achieve a pleasant smell and softness of the skin, incense oils were used, and women applied white to protect their faces from the sun. The Egyptians were also the first to use black antimony-based paint as eyeliner. And to create a natural blush, they would crush flowers [8]
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School — Perhaps the earliest formal school was developed in Egypt's Middle Kingdom under the direction of Kheti, treasurer to Mentuhotep II (2061-2010 BC). [271] Sick leave — Already in 1500 BCE, at least some of the workers who built the tombs of Egyptian pharaohs received paid sick leave as well as state-supported health care. [272]
Gubla was the first Canaanite city to trade actively with Egypt and the pharaohs of the Old Kingdom (2686-2181 BC), exporting cedar, olive oil, and wine, while importing gold and other products from the Nile Valley.
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