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  2. Set (abstract data type) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Set_(abstract_data_type)

    Python has built-in set and frozenset types since 2.4, and since Python 3.0 and 2.7, supports non-empty set literals using a curly-bracket syntax, e.g.: {x, y, z}; empty sets must be created using set(), because Python uses {} to represent the empty dictionary.

  3. Nested set model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nested_set_model

    The nested set model is a technique for representing nested set collections (also known as trees or hierarchies) in relational databases. It is based on Nested Intervals, that "are immune to hierarchy reorganization problem, and allow answering ancestor path hierarchical queries algorithmically — without accessing the stored hierarchy relation".

  4. Multiset - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiset

    In mathematics, a multiset (or bag, or mset) is a modification of the concept of a set that, unlike a set, [1] allows for multiple instances for each of its elements.The number of instances given for each element is called the multiplicity of that element in the multiset.

  5. Partially ordered set - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partially_ordered_set

    The set of subsets of a given set (its power set) ordered by inclusion (see Fig. 1). Similarly, the set of sequences ordered by subsequence, and the set of strings ordered by substring. The set of natural numbers equipped with the relation of divisibility. (see Fig. 3 and Fig. 6) The vertex set of a directed acyclic graph ordered by reachability.

  6. Subset sum problem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subset_sum_problem

    The most naïve algorithm would be to cycle through all subsets of n numbers and, for every one of them, check if the subset sums to the right number. The running time is of order (), since there are subsets and, to check each subset, we need to sum at most n elements.

  7. Disjoint-set data structure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disjoint-set_data_structure

    In computer science, a disjoint-set data structure, also called a union–find data structure or merge–find set, is a data structure that stores a collection of disjoint (non-overlapping) sets. Equivalently, it stores a partition of a set into disjoint subsets .

  8. Set cover problem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Set_cover_problem

    In the set cover optimization problem, the input is a pair (,), and the task is to find a set cover that uses the fewest sets. The decision version of set covering is NP-complete . It is one of Karp's 21 NP-complete problems shown to be NP-complete in 1972.

  9. List of datasets for machine-learning research - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_datasets_for...

    OpenML: [493] Web platform with Python, R, Java, and other APIs for downloading hundreds of machine learning datasets, evaluating algorithms on datasets, and benchmarking algorithm performance against dozens of other algorithms. PMLB: [494] A large, curated repository of benchmark datasets for evaluating supervised machine learning algorithms ...